不均匀媒质填充矩形弯曲波导的研究(英文)

在圆柱坐标系中对径向不均匀媒质填充的矩形弯曲波导进行了研究。在截止频率上,波导中的电磁场可分解为E模和H模。利用摄动理论和低阶模近似,讨论了特征方程。研究表明,HE模和EH模在弱不均匀媒质和低阶模近似条件下是简并的。     

关于Ramsey语句的一个注记

F·P·Ramsey(拉姆西)发现,应用二阶逻辑对一个有有限数目公理的科学理论T而言,T中的理论性词项可以被消除。将T的公理用Ramsey语句来代替可以保持T的所有的经验推论。狭义而言,Ramsey方法通过对理论性词项的意义存而不论,从而提供了一种处理该类词项的逻辑技巧;广义而论,Ramsey方法强调对对象之间的关系的描述,而对对象的本质的解释存而不论。本文通过比较Ramsey方法与逻辑经验主义对运算和解释的区分以及对近代科学方法论的若干思考而得到这一对Ramsey方法的广义理解。     

Time,bounded utility,and the St. Petersburg paradox

The assumption of bounded utility function resolves the St. Petersburg paradox. The justification for such a bound is provided by Brito, who argues that limited time will bound the utility function. However, a reformulated St. Petersburg game, which is played for both money and time, effectively circumvents Brito's justification for a bound. Hence, no convincing justification for bounding the utility function yet exists.     

Are More Alternatives Better for Decision-Makers? A Note on the Role of Decision Cost

While the traditional economic wisdom believes that an individual will become better off by being given a larger opportunity set to choose from, in this paper we question this belief and build a formal theoretical model that introduces decision costs into the rational decision process. We show, under some reasonable conditions, that a larger feasible set may actually lower an individual’s level of satisfaction. This provides a solid economic underpinning for the Simon prediction.     

Confidence intervals for variance component ratios in unbalanced linear mixed models

Methods for constructing confidence intervals for variance component ratios in general unbalanced mixed models are developed. The methods are based on inverting the distribution of the signed root of the log-likelihood ratio statistic constructed from either the restricted maximum likelihood or the full likelihood. As this distribution is intractable, the inversion is rather based on using a saddlepoint approximation to its distribution. Apart from Wald's exact method, the resulting intervals are unrivalled in terms of achieving accuracy in overall coverage, underage, and overage. Issues related to the proper “reference set” with which to judge the coverage as well as issues connected to variance ratios being nonnegative with lower bound 0 are addressed. Applications include an unbalanced nested design and an unbalanced crossed design.     

高管团队组合效应的多阶段递推识别:模型与分析

文章将决策者个人有限理性的概念拓展到团队场合,并归纳整理了影响高管团队(TMT)有限理性的三类屏蔽效应.在归纳高管团队属性效应理论研究(Upper Echelons Perspective)进展的基础上,提出了面向企业战略行为分析的高管团队组合效应的多阶段递推识别问题.以我国现阶段企业的专用性投资行为为分析对象,通过多阶段递推识别分析归纳出导致我国企业专用性投资弱化的典型TMT属性特征和相应的情境特征.     

注册会计师审计独立性之应然与实然

注册会计师审计独立性是注册会计师取信于民的根本,但现实中有关审计独立性的责难却是随处可觅。是注册会计师的独立性真正有问题,还是另有隐情?本文借鉴心理学的相关研究结果,从有限理性、有限意志力、有限意识、有限道德和自我服务偏见等因素分析了注册会计师的独立性困境问题,指出这些问题往往不是注册会计师的道德问题,而是其审计信息处理过程中的认识局限性问题。     

互联网环境下党执政的实践选择

互联网的广泛应用为提高党的执政能力提供了新选择,但是,由于它也改变了传统意义上单向性、等级式的政治生态环境,在党的执政权威、公民政治参与的实效以及党的权力运作模式等方面给党的执政实践带来了新挑战。对中国共产党而言,应善于根据执政环境的新变化,通过采取积极引导,不断强化各级官员对互联网的重视程度,完善权力运作模式,进一步提升决策者的有限理性,畅通政治参与渠道,不断增强党的执政权威等举措,以最大限度地利用互联网技术的价值,促进党的执政水平不断提高。     

企业违规行为与最优随机打击——一个实验研究

针对企业违规问题,在考虑企业风险偏好和决策理性程度异质的基础上建立模型,分析在面对监管打击时准完全理性企业群体和存在社会学习过程的有限理性企业群体的不同反应,借鉴最优随机打击理论,提出在资源约束条件下利用完全随机打击和随机分组打击两种方式对抑制两类企业群体的违规会得到不同的效果,通过实验对企业违规水平与监管部门的检查打击力度以及相同检查打击力度下不同实施方式间的关系进行验证。研究结果表明,企业违规水平与检查打击力度呈单调递减关系,但有限理性企业群体与检查打击力度呈二次曲线关系,准完全理性企业群体与检查打击力度呈线性关系;在相同的检查打击力度下,准完全理性群体在低检查打击力度时的违规比例会高于有限理性群体,在较高检查打击力度且完全随机检查打击方式下的违规比例会低于有限理性群体,在检查打击力度同样较高且采用随机分组打击方式的情况下,两群体的违规比例水平基本相当。此外,随机分组打击方式相对于完全随机打击方式对有限理性企业违规水平的降低效果更为明显。研究结论可以为监管部门选择打击方式提供参考。     

ENDOGENOUS NETWORKS IN RANDOM POPULATION GAMES

Population learning in dynamic economies traditionally has been studied in contexts where payoff landscapes are smooth. Here, dynamic population games take place over “rugged” landscapes, where agents are uncertain about payoffs from bilateral interactions. Notably, individual payoffs from playing a binary action against everyone else are uniformly distributed over [0, 1]. This random population game leads the population to adapt over time, with agents updating both actions and partners. Agents evaluate payoffs associated to networks thanks to simple statistics of the distributions of payoffs associated to all combinations of actions performed by agents out of the interaction set. Simulations show that: (1) allowing for endogenous networks implies higher average payoff compared to static networks; (2) the statistics used to evaluate payoffs affect convergence to steady-state; and (3) for statistics MIN or MAX, the likelihood of efficient population learning strongly depends on whether agents are change-averse or not in discriminating between options delivering the same expected payoff.