Cross‐Cultural Comparison of the Effects of Optimism,Intrinsic Motivation,and Family Relations on Vocational Identity

This study explored the effects of optimism, intrinsic motivation, and family relations on vocational identity in college students in the United States and South Korea. The results yielded support for the hypothesized multivariate model. Across both cultures, optimism was an important contributing factor to vocational identity, and intrinsic motivation partially mediated the link from optimism to vocational identity. In addition, family relations moderated the mediation effect of intrinsic motivation with American students but not Korean students. With Korean students, family relations moderated the direct link from optimism to vocational identity. These results have significant implications for counseling to promote vocational identity development for diverse college students.     

“数量＋动＂与“动＋数量＂构式的不对称性解析

“动＋数量”和“数量＋动”构式同为现代汉语动量的表达方式,但两者的地位和功能并非等值,“动＋数量”构式是动量的基本表达方式,其表述功能单一,一般只位于句末表述动作的客观量,而“数量＋动”构式则是具有一定语用功能的有标记性表达,具有凸显动作情状、表达主观量以及充当句子话题焦点和次话题的功能。汉语动量语序的历时选择过程是造成“动＋数量’’和“数量＋动”构式不对称的根本原因。     

Using E-Health Programs to Overcome Barriers to the Effective Treatment of Mental Health and Addiction Problems

E-Health programs for mental illness and addictive behaviors have recently emerged as potentially useful self-help resources. Health care professionals will soon have the option of referring clients to free-to-end-user online, expert-moderated e-health programs as complementary means of assisting clients. Such programs will have significant implications for developing improved stepped models of care. This article describes various e-health programs and lessons learned related to access, promotion, user demographics, and patterns of use. In addition, validation procedures, effectiveness and attrition rates, fitting and tailoring, and qualitative analyses of social networks are described. It is difficult to validate e-health programs that are completely anonymous and do not require registration, personal interaction, or membership fees. As competition emerges in the budding e-health industry, best practice guidelines will need to be developed for collecting data and evaluating the utility of these programs.     

Validating a primed identity leads to expectations of group-relevant outcomes / La validación de una identidad previamente primada facilita que se anticipen respuestas de discriminación

Abstract

We argue that a person’s identity can be changed by seemingly irrelevant primes to the point where one expects to be treated as a member of an activated social group. We further argue that primes should only influence the self to the extent that they are seen as valid. We experimentally manipulated conditions that foster perceptions of prime validity using a head movement induction. Previous research has linked head nodding to higher levels of confidence than head shaking. Participants primed with the African American stereotype (versus control) expected more future discrimination, but only if they were nodding their heads. Results are discussed with respect to research on priming and validation processes.     

“Koe wai hoki koe?!”, or “Who are you?!”: Issues of trust in cross‐cultural collaborative research

Abstract

Cross‐cultural research designs are increasingly employed in the New Zealand context to investigate a range of complex social and environmental issues. However, there is little guidance for researchers who work for mainstream organisations and hapū (subtribe(s)) and iwi (tribe(s)) on how to undertake cross‐cultural collaborative research. Trust is a key issue that makes cross‐cultural research possible and it is surprising that issues relating to trust have not featured widely in the literature. In this paper, we reflect on our experiences working cross‐culturally and collaboratively with a hapū in Northland, New Zealand. We discuss how a mainstream research organisation worked with a community health trust and developed a working relationship with a hapū, forming the basis of a community‐driven collaborative evaluation of a central government‐funded project. Key findings were the establishment of a tuākana‐tēina relationship (where teacher and learner are interchangeable) between the members of the collaborative research team and the employment of appropriate research methods to develop a research agenda that ensured everyone would benefit from the research.     

生物学验证法与汉语植物命名探求

名物考证,尤其是汉语植物命名探求在语言学界是公认的难题,探讨科学的名物探源方法尤为重要。本文认为,科学的名物训诂方法应是语源学与现代植物科学相结合,其中生物学验证法不仅为“因声求义”法提供旁证,还可辨析歧训异说,匡正旧说谬论,在汉语植物命名探求中有着十分重要的价值。     

The development and validation of a job crafting measure for use with blue-collar workers

Abstract

Job crafting describes a set of proactive behaviours in which employees may engage to shape their work in order to minimize hindering job demands and maximize resources and challenging demands. Such behaviours may be particularly important among blue-collar workers whose jobs are characterized by poor working conditions and low well-being. We present the development and adaptation of a job crafting measure that may be used among blue-collar workers, based on an existing scale by Tims, Bakker, and Derks (2012) that was not specifically developed for blue-collar workers. We test the validity and reliability of the measure in a longitudinal study based on multiple source information from mail delivery workers in Denmark (N=362 at Time 1; N=408 at Time 2). Results indicate the presence of five job crafting dimensions: increasing challenging demands, decreasing social job demands, increasing social job resources, increasing quantitative demands and decreasing hindering job demands. These can be reliably measured with 15 items. The measure shows acceptable discriminant and criterion validity, and test-retest reliability. The findings extend the application of the original questionnaire. They also add to knowledge of the job crafting behaviours in which blue-collar workers engage and link them to well-being outcomes.     

The Impact of Culture on Equity Sensitivity Perceptions and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Five-Country Study

This paper examines the relationships between equity theory, equity sensitivity, and organizational citizenship behavior. Several issues are investigated: whether individuals from different cultures differ in their equity sensitivity orientations; whether individuals from different cultures differ in preference for benevolent, equity sensitive, and entitled situations involving a case scenario; and whether cultural differences impact organizational citizenship behavior.     

论全国公共英语等级考试设计特色

比较传统语言测试与交际语言测试,列举各自的优势与不足,分析PETS的设计特色,说明PETS是以交际性测试理论为基础,并借鉴传统语言测试的手法而建立的、全面考查语言运用能力的较为先进的考试体系.     

从《文艺心理阐释》看文学和心理学的跨学科研究

在《文艺心理阐释》一书中 ,鲁枢元先生试图沟通文学与心理学这两门学科的努力与比较文学范围内文学与心理学跨学科研究有着某种契合。将此书置于比较文学视野之下来观照 ,可发现它为文学与心理学跨学科研究做出了多方面的贡献 ,并为发展这一研究领域提供了多种有益的启示