Are labour inspections effective when labour regulations vary according to the size of the firm? Evidence from Peru

This article analyses the impact of enforcement of four labour standards (pension system enrolment, minimum wage, maximum weekly working hours and written employment contract) on compliance in Peru, where labour regulations and penalties vary according to firm size. The author uses household survey data to analyse a factor not previously studied – adjustment by firms through downsizing to benefit from lower fines and less stringent regulations. The empirical findings indicate that enforcement efforts have little effect on either the degree of compliance or the size of firms.     

A sampling plan for one-shot systems considering destructive inspection

Abstract

The paper is concerned with an acceptance sampling problem under destructive inspections for one-shot systems. The systems may fail at random times while they are operating (as the systems are considered to be operating when storage begins), and these failures can only be identified by inspection. Thus, n samples are randomly selected from N one-shot systems for periodic destructive inspection. After storage time T, the N systems are replaced if the number of working systems is less than a pre-specified threshold k. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the optimal number of samples n*, extracted from the N for destructive detection and the optimal acceptance number k*, in the sample under the constraint of the system interval availability, to minimize the expected cost rate. Numerical experiments are studied to investigate the effect of the parameters in sampling inspection on the optimal solutions.     

关于高校党风廉政建设的思考

本文通过分析当前高校党风廉政建设的现状, 阐述了努力做好高校纪检监察工作与促进党风廉政建设的关系, 提出了推进党风廉政建设工作的对策。     

由传统中发现新变——“今文学”与晚清诗学演变之关联考察

"今文学"作为一种学术思潮对晚清诗学的影响是双重的,它不仅具有一般学术法则对诗学发展的规约性,而且也在意识形态领域决定了晚清诗学的发展演变。从发生学上来讲,"今文学"的兴盛与晚清诗学的演变往往表现出同构对应、共振同行的关系。晚清诗学演变在诗学生态、诗学主体、诗学行为、诗学接受、诗学价值等层面都与"今文学"保持着高度的一致性;而且,晚清相关诗学家与诗派的诗学演变也体现出与"今文学"发展较为相似的对应性进程。     

近现代中外高等教育跨境合作办学的历史考察

跨境高等教育合作办学是教育服务贸易的一种形式,在20世纪90年代获得大力发展。近现代中外高等教育跨境合作办学的表现形式主要有：外国教会机构在中国独立办学、中国在境外办学、中外大学联合办学。近现代中外高等教育跨境合作办学的历史给今天带来的启迪是：应强调双向互补;确保质量,树立精品意识;应意识到肩负对外传播中华文化的重任。     

新时期乡镇检察室的设置意义及职能探析

随着经济社会的快速发展,农村矛盾纠纷越来越多,严重影响了社会和谐稳定,乡镇检察室,能充分发挥贴近基层、贴近群众的优势,对化解社会矛盾,解决群众诉求,推进三项重点工作具有深远和现实的意义。     

《德伯家的苔丝》与《珍妮姑娘》中的男女关系透视

《德伯家的苔丝》与《珍妮姑娘》两部小说的题材和结构设置上有着惊人的相似。不但两位女主人公都来自社会底层,而且两部作品都设置了一女两男的关系模式。对两部作品的男女关系模式对照分析,找出其中的类同和差异,以期更清晰地观照两位作家不同的创作环境和理念,以及因所受文化传统和流派的影响,作家在文学创作的传承和创新方面所做的贡献。     

自动生产线的同步维修模型及实例研究

自动生产线故障停机时间长、停机费用高,其原因在于:设备种类多且相关联,存在各设备协同维修的难题。首先,寻求生产线故障时间和检查时间之间的平衡点,建立检查周期与总停机时间之间关系的目标函数。其次,借鉴同步维修的"对故障隐患集中式批处理,减少分散维修的停机时间"思想,以及时间延迟维修理论,建立生产线的同步维修模型,该模型利用生产线每天停机次数、每次停机时间及检查时发现的缺陷数,计算出合理的生产线检查周期,并以此为依据制定维修计划,实现"提高维修批量,减少生产线停机时间"的目标。最后,实例研究。收集某生产线近十年的故障记录数据,在分析生产流程、设备布局、各设备停机影响的基础上,提出对策指导生产线维修管理。     

自杀研究:困境表述、理论检视与进路转换

高自杀率的客观现实需要研究者正视并关怀我国的自杀问题。研究现状的不足主要是研究者缺乏对自杀现象的意义理解,以及缺乏对自杀现象的区域差异的解释。自杀研究的心理学或精神病学的理论传统忽视自杀的社会因素,将自杀的社会当作高度同质性的实在来处理无法完成理解自杀现象的区域差异的使命。自杀研究的实证社会学理论传统无法逾越作为个体的自杀与作为整体的自杀率之间的鸿沟,过于倚重统计数字的研究方式使其容易落入＂统计自杀＂的窠臼,而脱离了日常生活中的＂经验自杀＂。从人文主义社会学传统出发,将自杀行动作为分析单位,建构自杀行动的理想类型,并借此理解自杀行动的社会意义,进而理解自杀的区域差异当能弥补当前研究的不足,并开辟新的自杀研究空间。     

A note on some modified Pulak and Al-Sultan's model

Pulak and Al-Sultan presented a rectifying inspection plan applying in the determination of optimum process mean. However, they did not point out whether the non-conforming items in the sample of accepted lot are replaced or eliminated from the lot and neglected the quality loss within specification limits. In this paper, we further propose the modified Pulak and Al-Sultan model with quadratic quality loss function. There are four cases considered in the modified model: (1) the non-conforming items in the sample of accepted lot are neither replaced nor eliminated from the lot; (2) the non-conforming items in the sample of accepted lot are not replaced but are eliminated from the lot; (3) the non-conforming items in the sample of accepted lot are replaced by conforming ones; (4) the non-conforming items in the sample of accepted lot are replaced by non-inspected items. The numerical results and sensitivity analysis of parameters show that their solutions are slightly different.