La polarisation des emplois en Europe dans une perspective sectorielle

L'auteure s'intéresse à la polarisation des emplois en Europe, dans une étude empirique portant sur cinq pays (Allemagne, Espagne, France, Italie et Royaume‐Uni) suivis de 1999 à 2011. Elle cherche à faire ressortir l'évolution de la structure de l'emploi dans une perspective sectorielle, en considérant quatre macrogroupes professionnels (établis en fonction du niveau de qualification et du salaire) et en tenant compte du rapport à la technologie. Un indice de polarisation est aussi utilisé. Plusieurs scénarios émergent, mais la polarisation domine dans les services et dans certains pays et conduit à rejeter la thèse d'un progrès technique biaisé en faveur des qualifcations.     

Les services à la personne,toujours dévalorisés? Analyse et classification dans une optique comparative

L'auteure compare la rémunération des travailleurs des services à la personne selon le prestige de la profession exercée dans différents pays (Canada, États‐Unis, Japon, République de Corée et Taïwan (Chine)), en s'appuyant sur des microdonnées de la Luxembourg Income Study. Elle classe ces professions selon leur degré de «fermeture sociale» et analyse la pénalité ou la prime salariale qui leur est associée dans chaque pays. Elle mesure aussi empiriquement les similarités et différences entre les États‐providence «libéraux» et ceux qui sont plutôt «développeurs productivistes», ainsi qu'au sein de ces régimes, confirmant la nette convergence internationale des services à la personne sous l'effet de la mondialisation.     

Reliability computation under dynamic stress–strength modeling with cumulative stress and strength degradation

Reliability function is defined under suitable assumptions for dynamic stress–strength scenarios where strength degrades and stress accumulates over time. Methods for numerical evaluation of reliability are suggested under deterministic strength degradation and cumulative damage due to shocks arriving according to a point process, in particular a Poisson process, using simulation method and inversion theorem. These methods are specifically useful in the scenarios where damage distributions do not possess closure property under convolution. The method is also extended for non-identical, dependent damage distributions as well as for random strength degradation. Results from inversion method is compared with known approximate methods and also verified by simulation. As it turns out, the simulation method seems to have an edge in terms of computational burden and has much wider domain of applicability.     

Fubini theorem for non additive measures in the framework of g-expectation

Since the seminal paper of Ghirardato (1997 Ghirardato, P. 1997. On the independence for non-additive measures, with a Fubini theorem. Journal of Economic Theory 73:261–91.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), it is known that Fubini theorem for non additive measures can be available only for functions as “slice-comonotonic” in the framework of product algebra. Later, inspired by Ghirardato (1997 Ghirardato, P. 1997. On the independence for non-additive measures, with a Fubini theorem. Journal of Economic Theory 73:261–91.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Chateauneuf and Lefort (2008 Chateauneuf, A., and J. P. Lefort. 2008. Some Fubini theorems on product σ-algebras for non-additive measures. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 48:686–96.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) obtained some Fubini theorems for non additive measures in the framework of product σ-algebra. In this article, we study Fubini theorem for non additive measures in the framework of g-expectation. We give some different assumptions that provide Fubini theorem in the framework of g-expectation.     

Bayesian A- and D-optimal designs for gamma regression model with inverse link function

Bayesian optimal designs have received increasing attention in recent years, especially in biomedical and clinical trials. Bayesian design procedures can utilize the available prior information of the unknown parameters so that a better design can be achieved. With this in mind, this article considers the Bayesian A- and D-optimal designs of the two- and three-parameter Gamma regression model. In this regard, we first obtain the Fisher information matrix of the proposed model and then calculate the Bayesian A- and D-optimal designs assuming various prior distributions such as normal, half-normal, gamma, and uniform distribution for the unknown parameters. All of the numerical calculations are handled in R software. The results of this article are useful in medical and industrial researches.     

Multipower variation from generalized difference for fractional integral processes with jumps

This article presents limit theorems of the multipower variation based on a generalized difference for the fractional integral process with jumps observed in high frequency. In particular, we obtain the large number laws for threshold multipower variation and multipower variation and the associated central limit theorems. The limit theorems are applied to estimate Hurst parameter, and the consistence and asymptotic distribution of the estimator are established. These results will provide some new statistical tools to analyze long-memory effect in high-frequency situation.     

Survivors' pensions and their impact on the Brazilian labour market

In many countries the regulations governing survivors' pensions were established in periods when female labour market participation was lower than at present. However, the current trend in many Latin American countries is for growing levels of female labour participation. In Brazil, where there are no restrictions on the concurrent receipt of retirement and survivors' pensions, and where until recently lifelong pensions could be obtained without any conditionality, not only has the accumulation of such benefits grown, but there are indications that these rules have had a negative impact on women's labour market participation. Analysis of the case of Brazil shows the need for social security regulations to adapt to labour market changes, and underlines the need to acknowledge that social security regulations can actually have an impact on the labour market.     

The imagined ‘other’ and its shifts: politics and identifications in Turkish Cyprus

This article addresses the puzzling case of shifting identity constructions in northern Cyprus, from ethnic to civic–territorial in 2003 and back to ethnic in 2009. It is argued that these shifts occurred when external factors (EU and Turkey) opened/closed windows of opportunity for internal elites’ reconfigurations. It then explains societal responsiveness to these nation-building changes sustaining that, over time, a process transforming the perception of the ‘other’ took place from below and a civic–territorial identity layer (Cypriotness) developed along the ethnic-Turkish layer. These coexist and fluctuate depending on the given context of choice.