论间接测量数据处理的两种方法

评述了间接测量中标准偏差的两种方法，并探讨了造成它们两者之间差异的根源．     

可分Banach空间中的微分包含

在可分的Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间中研究微分包含ｘ′∈Ｆ（ｔ，ｘ）解的存在性，对Ｋｉｓｉｅｌｅｗｉｃｚ的结果作了改进．     

An Approach for Balancing Health and Ecological Risks at Hazardous Waste Sites

Human health and ecological risks must be balanced at hazardous waste sites in order to ensure that remedial actions prevent unacceptable risks of either type. Actions that are designed to protect humans may fail to protect nonhuman populations and ecosystems or may damage ecosystems. However, there is no common scale of health and ecological risk that would allow comparisons to be performed. This paper presents an approach to addressing this problem based on classifying all risks (i.e., health and ecological risks due contaminants and remediation) as insignificant ( de minimis ), highly significant ( de manifestis ), or intermediate. For health risks the classification is based on standard criteria. However, in the absence of national guidance concerning the acceptability of ecological risks, new ecological criteria are proposed based on an analysis of regulatory precedents. Matrices and flow charts are presented to guide the use of these risk categories in remedial decision making. The assessment of mercury contamination of the East Fork Poplar Creek is presented as an example of the implementation of the approach.     

Asymptotics for multisample statistics

Consider a family of square-integrable R^d-valued statistics S_k = S_k(X_1,k1; X_2,k2;…; X_m,km), where the independent samples X_i,kj respectively have k_i i.i.d. components valued in some separable metric space X_i. We prove a strong law of large numbers, a central limit theorem and a law of the iterated logarithm for the sequence {S_k}, including both the situations where the sample sizes tend to infinity while m is fixed and those where the sample sizes remain small while m tends to infinity. We also obtain two almost sure convergence results in both these contexts, under the additional assumption that S_k is symmetric in the coordinates of each sample X_i,kj. Some extensions to row-exchangeable and conditionally independent observations are provided. Applications to an estimator of the dimension of a data set and to the Henze-Schilling test statistic for equality of two densities are also presented.     

层次分析法中逆序问题与其决策环境研究

研究了层次分析法中的逆序问题与其决策环境的关系，并对产生逆序现象的机理作了数学上的分析和定性的解释。文中还给出了多准则下排序的强保序定理。     

Supply and Demand Factors in the Fertility Decline in Matlab, Bangladesh in 1977–1999

A model family planningprogramme started as a component of areproductive and child health project in partof Matlab (the Intervention area), a rural areaof Bangladesh, in 1977 while another part ofMatlab served as a comparison area. Thepaper analyses data from a vital registrationsystem, censuses and sample surveys, and usesboth cross-sectional and longitudinaltechniques of analysis. The supply factoralone, i.e., the model family planningprogramme, contributes substantially to theobserved decline in fertility in theIntervention area. Of the several demandfactors (indicators of socio-economic status)studied, women's education has the largestimpact on the fertility decline. A veryimportant role in the fertility decline isplayed by changes in attitudes towardsfeasibility and acceptability of birth control.The overall conclusion is that not only thesupply factor, but also demand factorscontribute to the fertility decline observed inthe Intervention area. Due to limitations instudy design and data, we cannot provide aprecise, quantitative answer to the question onthe specific contributions of both types offactors.     

La crise du recrutement des lads-jockeys : l’essoufflement d’un système d’emploi corporatiste

How is the French labor market for lads organized (recruitment, careers, personnel management, retraining)? What changes are under way? A recent phenomenon - the vanishing of young lads with diplomas - helps answer these questions. Can this be explained other than by the discrepancy between dreams about this job and on-the-job reality? The latter can be understood only in relation to the economic and social changes in this working environment that have, in particular, threatened trainers’ positions. This happened during a period when the schooling of youth lasts longer and ends with a diploma even though this sector cannot absorb these young people. This difficult situation has several explanations. Working conditions have worsened (increasing precariousness, more stress, career obstructions) while young people have become more demanding, more critical and more qualified. Meanwhile, the old paternalistic system for managing personnel is falling apart.     

La division sexuelle du travail chez les musiciens français

Data from a survey of French musicians conducted for the Ministry of Culture are used to analyze the processes producing inequality between men and women in music. Two models of a sexual division of labor coexist along with a differentiation depending on the style (learned vs. popular music). These two models closely link together working conditions, careers and the organization of home life for male and female musicians; and they underlie the construction of musicians', identities. In the world of popular music, bodily stereotypes of femininity (youth, seduction) and masculinity (the aestheticization of deviance, the bohemian life) dominate. In the world of learned music, a hierarchical model of masculine authority prevails with the figure of the conductor at the summit.     

Les apories de la solidarité familiale Contribution à la sociologie des configurations de justice entre les familles et l’État, dans le cas français

Despite its many meanings, “solidarity” has once again become current in French to describe macro as well as microsocial relations. Social relations in and outside the family have not always been understood as instances of solidarity. But is this solidarity the same as the one established by the welfare state? Forms of family solidarity that have risen in esteem over the past two decades are “deconstructed”. The conditions for family solidarity are examined; and conceptual paradoxes, described. This approach suggests that family solidarity, as this concept is normally used, mixes together several systems of justice that should be clearly distinguished, especially if we want to put this phrase to a judicious social use.     

On the discretization of nonparametric isotropic covariogram estimators

In this article, we describe the discretization of nonparametric covariogram estimators for isotropic stationary stochastic processes. The use of nonparametric estimators is important to avoid the difficulties in selecting a parametric model. The key property the isotropic covariogram must satisfy is to be positive definite and thus have the form characterized by Yaglom's representation of Bochner's theorem. We present an optimal discretization of the latter in the sense that the resulting nonparametric covariogram estimators are guaranteed to be smooth and positive definite in the continuum. This provides an answer to an issue raised by Hall, Fisher and Hoffmann (1994). Furthermore, from a practical viewpoint, our result is important because a nonlinear constrained algorithm can sometimes be avoided and the solution can be found by least squares. Some numerical results are presented for illustration.