Adjustment mechanisms and intergenerational actuarial neutrality in pension reforms

In the context of the reform of defined benefit pension systems under population ageing, we focus on the introduction of automatic adjustment mechanisms linked to life expectancy. Our goal is to establish a relationship between changes in the key parameters of the pension system and changes in life expectancy, applying the principle of intergenerational actuarial neutrality. For a defined benefit pension scheme, we first obtain the fundamental adjustment equation and then, for particular cases, we derive different designs of automatic adjustment mechanisms depending on the involved parameter. We include a numerical application only for illustrative purposes.     

产业结构与城市化:美国的“去工业化”和“再城市化”现象及其启示

美国 2 0世纪产业结构变化的突出现象是“去工业化”和与信息产业相关的新兴产业的崛起。伴随产业结构变化 ,人口区域分布也经历了“非都市转折”和“再城市化”的过程。产业结构的变化是城市兴衰的决定性因素。对我国来说 ,重视城市化发展过程中的产业支撑 ,根据区域发展格局的调整和产业结构的演进实施不同的城市化发展模式 ,尤为重要。     

两个幂平均不等式的推广

设n≥2的正自然数,0〈θ〈1,a=（a1,a2,…,an）∈（0,＋∞）n,a的调和平均、几何平均、算术平均和θ次幂平均分别设为H（a）、G（a）、A（a）和Mθ（a）.该文将利用最值压缩定理,建立两个与它们有关的不等式,进而推广了一个已知结论.     

考虑边界条件影响的差分格式的稳定性分析

本文对一类抛物型方程的初边值问题建立了相应的有限差分格式,在考虑边界条件影响的前提下,通过Gerschgorin定理对该格式的稳定性进行了分析,得到了差分格式稳定性的一个必要条件。最后通过数值算例对文中所得结果及差分格式的收敛性作了进一步的分析。     

Intradimensional Single-Peakedness and the Multidimensional Arrow Problem

Arrow's account (1951/1963) of the problem of social choice is based upon the assumption that the preferences of each individual in the relevant group are expressible by a single ordering. This paper lifts that assumption and develops a multidimensional generalization of Arrow's framework. I show that, like Arrow's original framework, the multidimensional generalization is affected by an impossibility theorem, highlighting not only the threat of dictatorship of a single individual, but also the threat of dominance of a single dimension. In particular, even if preferences are single-peaked across individuals within each dimension – a situation called intradimensional single-peakedness – any aggregation procedure satisfying Arrow-type conditions will make one dimension dominant. I introduce lexicographic hierarchies of dimensions as a class of possible aggregation procedures under intradimensional single-peakedness. The interpretation of the results is discussed.     

Power of Enforcement and Dictatorship

A new Arrovian impossibility is obtained without invoking independence of irrelevant alternatives type assumptions. The new conditions leading to the impossibility are based on the concept of power of enforcement, and specify how this power can (see A3) or cannot be expanded (see A1, A2 and A4).     

霍夫曼理论适合中国的工业化模式吗?——兼议新型工业化道路中的重化工业发展路径

霍夫曼理论是通过总结多国制造业部门不同历史阶段的数据,分析各国工业化过程中消费品和资本品工业部门的相对地位的变化而提出来的。该理论认为一国的工业化是资本品工业部门比重不断增大的过程。但是,由于历史阶段和分析技术的局限,霍夫曼理论只是对欧美发达国家工业化过程在事实层面上的描述和总结,并没有形成关于工业化一般路径的科学分析。因此,它还不具备普遍的指导意义。坚持以科学发展观和新型工业化道路的基本理念为指导,依靠技术创新和制度创新,以产业结构调整为主线,以合理规范的政府宏观调控作保证,是现阶段我国发展重化工业的基本路径。     

Les deux faces - objective/subjective - de la mobilité sociale

How does objective social mobility, traditionally measured with tables of mobility drawn up by sociologists, relate to feelings about mobility, i.e., how individuals perceive, explain and appraise their social trajectory? Using a question from a survey (Insee's Formation, qualification professionnelle), subjective mobility was statistically evaluated so as to bring the two approaches to mobility together and measure the (considerable) frequency of deviations. Subjective mobility was then analyzed qualitatively on the basis of interviews conducted with respondents in the same survey. This helps us account for deviations and identify the bundle of parameters that people use to assess their own mobility. Certain limits, both methodological and conceptual, are pointed out that classical statistical surveys encounter in dealing with mobility.     

LOWER BOUNDS FOR THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION OF A SUM OF INDEPENDENT RANDOM VARIABLES

The rates of convergence to the normal distribution are investigated for a sum of independent random variables. Using Stein's method, we derive a lower bound of the uniform distance between two distributions of independent sum and normal.