On the construction of optimal experimental designs: a penalty approach

Tn optimal experimental design theory there are well-known situations, in which additional constraints are implied to the design set. These constraints destroy in general the simplex structure of the set of feasible points of the design set. Thus the available iteration procedures for the unrestricted case are no longer applicable.

In this paper a penalty approach is suggested which transforms the restricted problem to the unrestricted case and allows the application of well-known algorithms such as the Fedorov-Wynn-type or the projected gradient procedure.     

Las transgresiones morales repulsivas pero inofensivas se perciben como dañinas debido a las emociones negativas que inducen

Resumen

Violaciones morales inofensivas pero repulsivas pueden justificarse como dañinas a otros debido a las emociones negativas que inducen. La relación entre las emociones de enojo y asco y el daño asociado a estas emociones como resultado de una transgresión moral fue investigada. Los resultados muestran que una violación moral que induce asco (transgresión tabú) pero que no tiene efectos dañinos para otros se relaciona más con el asco que con el enojo. Dicha violación moral creó presunción de daño de tres tipos: comunal, individual y natural. La emoción de asco fue un mediador entre la violación tabú y la presunción de daño natural mientras que la emoción de enojo fue un mediador entre la violación tabú y la presunción de daño individual. Los resultados también muestran que cuando ocurren transgresiones morales que no dañan a otras personas, las emociones de asco y enojo permiten adjudicar efectos dañinos a entidades simbólicas como la naturaleza y la comunidad, como resultado de dichas acciones.     

关于留数定理的一个推广

研究了留数定理的有关问题,通过举例论证和归纳推理等证明方法,得到了单个留数定理的一个推广结论,最后将此结论应用于一些积分问题中.     

An Exploration of the Need to Build an Evaluation Index System for Economic and Social Development in the Southwest’s Ethnic Region

An evaluation index system for eco￣nomic and social development is guiding the trends and actions of economic development in different countries or regions. However,the evaluation index system should b...     

On asymptotic distribution of prediction in functional linear regression

There has been substantial recent attention on problems involving a functional linear regression model with scalar response. Among them, there have been few works dealing with asymptotic distribution of prediction in functional linear regression models. In recent literature, the centeral limit theorem for prediction has been discussed, but the proof and conditions under which the random bias terms for a fixed predictor converge to zero have been ignored so that the impact of these terms on the convergence of the prediction has not been well understood. Clarifying the proof and conditions under which the bias terms converge to zero, we show that the asymptotic distribution of the prediction is normal. Furthermore, we have derived those results related to other terms that already obtained by others, under milder conditions. Finally, we conduct a simulation study to investigate performance of the asymptotic distribution under various parameter settings.     

Reinvigorating the social contract and strengthening social cohesion: Social protection responses to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of those who are inadequately covered by social protection in more and less developed countries alike, and has exacerbated the fragility of a social contract that was already under strain in many countries. A weak social contract in the context of an exceptional crisis poses a very real risk to social cohesion. Nevertheless, many States have reasserted themselves as the guarantor of rights by protecting public health and incomes. By sustaining these measures, economic recovery will be supported which will help minimize risks that may weaken social cohesion. However, this is a fast-moving, inherently unstable and protracted crisis. Social protection stands at a critical juncture. Decisive policy action will be required to strengthen social protection systems, including floors, as one of the cornerstones of a reinvigorated social contract.     

The performance of the income protection system for older adults in Ecuador and future challenges

The objective of this article is to analyse the performance of Ecuador’s pension system and the challenges it will face in the future. Over the last 13 years, the pension system has made significant advances in terms of coverage and adequacy. However, demographic ageing is straining the financial sustainability of the contributory scheme. In this context, a number of public policy areas are identified, in terms of parameters and structures, which, together with the expansion of non-contributory coverage, could provide a more equitable and sustainable scheme.     

Contribution analysis to analyze the effects of the health impact assessment at the local level: A case of urban revitalization

The health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool used to estimate the potential impact on health of non-health-related proposals prior to implementation. While it is increasingly used in Quebec, Canada, studies have not analyzed its medium-term impacts and potential long-term impacts. We conducted a contribution analysis using in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, as well as documents, observation and images related to HIA in order to analyze its impacts on the revitalization of road infrastructure, parks and green spaces, and residential housing. Our analysis not only reflects on the decision-making process through the adoption and implementation of HIA recommendations, but also on the link between actions implemented in the field and health outcomes.     

Les tâches de l'OIT à l'heure de son centenaire

Les principes – énoncés dans sa Constitution et dans la Déclaration de Philadelphie – qui définissent les missions de l'OIT n'ont rien perdu de leur valeur ni de leur actualité. En revanche, les conditions dans lesquelles ces missions s'exercent ont profondément changé. Le monde du travail est aujourd'hui le théâtre de bouleversements écologiques, technologiques et institutionnels, qui sont autant de défis à relever. La contribution de l'OIT à cette tâche devrait s'ordonner autour de trois principes, dont la mise en œuvre correspond à ses missions constitutionnelles: les principes de solidarité, de démocratie économique et de responsabilité socio-écologique.     

Les relations entre droit international et droit européen du travail et leur incidence sur le développement du droit social international et européen

Des observations sur la manière dont le droit de l'Union européenne fait place aux instruments destinés à assurer la protection des travailleurs élaborés à l'échelle internationale ou à l'action des organisations internationales pour la protection des droits sociaux, cette contribution tire une typologie destinée à mettre au jour les liens, souvent tenus mais d'une grande diversité, qui rattachent le droit européen au «droit international du travail», au sens large.