中国妇女生育意愿与生育行为的差异及其影响因素

生育行为与生育意愿背离现象广泛存在。在发达国家,普遍的情况是实际生育率大大低于意愿生育率。发展中国家同样出现了生育行为与生育意愿背离的现象,但更多呈现出与发达国家相反的规律。中国也出现了生育行为与生育意愿背离,且实际高于意愿的情况。根据中国2001年全国生殖健康调查,基本完成生育的40~49岁妇女,其平均理想子女数为1.8,而平均实际生育子女数为2.2。利用2001年全国生殖健康调查数据,考察中国妇女生育行为与生育意愿背离的特征和影响因素,并考察个体背景(个人特征和社会经济背景)、生育政策和生育孩子情况(包括孩子的性别结构和存活状况)对生育意愿与生育行为的差异产生的影响。结果表明,这些因素都对生育意愿与生育行为的差异产生显著影响,但性别偏好是造成生育行为大于生育意愿的主要因素。     

基于组织因素的高校学术不端行为影响因素的敏感性分析

从组织因素的角度出发,应用多元统计分析的手段,对我国高校学者学术不端行为的影响因子进行了研究.研究发现,学校声誉、领导者对科研重视度、学校内部监督健全度和组织内学术道德风气是影响学术不端行为的显著因素.同时发现:不同类别学校的学者在学术不端行为上存在显著差异.针对这些显著性因素提出了政策建议.     

Four elephants in the room: A reflective analysis of the wailing rage displayed by Baltimore youth after Freddie Gray’s death

Eliminating health disparities is our ethical and generational responsibility to protect and promote the health of all Americans. However, we cannot effectively eliminate health disparities in the United States unless we acknowledge and confront the three social culprits that threaten the elimination of health disparities: poverty, racism, and inequities. When addressing communal health, a multigenerational intentionality approach is needed to combat determinants of health. Retrospectively, we used the 2015 wailing rage demonstrated by youth in Baltimore City after the death of Freddie Gray Jr. to introduce our Multigenerational Intentionality to Communal Health conceptual framework. The conceptual framework directs any determinants of health process (i.e. planning, policy, programming, practice, etc.), to decisively utilize the looking backward-thinking forward method to explore the intersectionality of how generational determinants of health (e.g. poverty, racism, disparities and inequities) threaten communal health.     

Social determinants of health in the Human Services: a conceptual model and road map for action

The Social Determinants of Health Framework is well known as a reliable way to understand and predict poor health outcomes and health inequities among individuals who are disproportionately impacted by poverty, discrimination, residential segregation, and other social problems. Since becoming recognized by the public health profession as key to addressing the root causes of poor health among these individuals, integration of social determinants of health (SDOH) interventions in the health-care industry has become a national and global priority. This essay offers a theoretical and practical explanation of the integration of the SDOH in the Human Services by proposing key recommendations and strategies for Human Services Organizations (HSOs) and providers to implement new practices, policies, and research methods that may ameliorate the conditions that create inequities in health.     

Workers’ Risk Tolerance and Occupational Injuries

This study explores the relationship between individuals’ risk tolerance and occupational injuries. We analyze data from a national representative survey of U.S. workers that includes information about injuries, risk tolerance, cognitive and noncognitive attributes, and risky behaviors. We measure risk tolerance through questions regarding individuals’ willingness to gamble on their lifetime income. We estimate zero‐inflated count models to assess the role played by such measures on workers’ recurrent injuries. We discuss some implications of our results for future research and occupational safety policies. Our results highlight the concurrent and changing role played by individual, work, and environmental factors in explaining recurrent incidents. They show that risk tolerance affects recurrent injuries, although not in the direction that proponents of the concept of proneness would expect. Our measure of risk aversion shows that individuals who are somewhat more risk tolerant have fewer recurrent injuries than those who are risk averse. But the estimated relationship is U‐shaped, not monotonic and, therefore, not easy to predict. At the same time, we find that individuals’ “revealed risk preferences”—specific risky behaviors—are related to higher injury probabilities. Demanding working conditions, measures of socioeconomic status, health, and safety problems experienced by workers during their youth remain among the most important factors explaining the phenomena of recurrent injuries. So our results contribute also to the important debate about the relationship between health and socioeconomic status.     

政府绩效的决定因素：观点述评、逻辑关系及研究方法

通过对国外学术界近年来关于政府绩效决定因素的研究进行分类与述评,阐释了决定政府绩效的各因素之间的逻辑关系,以及关于政府绩效决定因素的研究方法,认为现有政府绩效研究使决定政府绩效的复杂系统过于简单化,不能准确反映政府绩效决定因素的复杂性,因而设想引入复杂系统分析方法对政府绩效决定因素进行复合因素分析。     

创业意向影响因素研究

在中国背景下,创业意向影响因素可划分为两层次(个体特质水平和个体资源水平)六维度(成就动机、风险承担、自主性、创业回馈、资源获得和未来就业).这较之于传统对创业意向影响因素的探索主要集中于个体特质水平因素已有长足的进步.个人特质水平因素和个人资源水平因素在预测个体创业意向方面具有良好的互补性,同时考虑两个方面的因素可以更准确掌握个体创业意向.     

管理创新研究的国内外对比及其启示

基于国内外主流期刊上的299篇管理创新研究文献的回顾和梳理,对国内外研究中管理创新的影响因素及其作用途径进行比较分析.然后,在中国情境视角下分析并解释了中国企业管理创新的特有影响因素,并在此基础上得出对中国情境下管理创新研究的启示.研究结果表明,管理创新的影响因素分布在企业家个体、管理团队和组织3个层面、6个维度上.此外,在国内外研究中,影响因素及作用机理既存在一致性,也存在差异性,即国外研究更关注高层管理团队的作用,国内研究则更加关注企业家个人因素的作用;同时,国内研究比国外研究更关注社会资本和技术创新对管理创新的影响.在未来的研究中,要重视这些特有影响因素及相应的情境因素的作用,为构建中国情境下的管理理论奠定基础.     

A POOL OF POETRY

No abstract available for this article.     

我国商业银行非利息收入及其影响因素分析

随着我国资本市场的发展和银行经营业务的扩展,非利息收入在银行总收入中的比重逐年增加。本文以我国12家商业银行2000年至2007年的数据为样本,探讨商业银行非利息收入的构成及其影响因素。研究结果表明,总体上非利息收入的大小与银行的规模、存款占总资产的比重和员工人数与存款的比例显著正相关,与银行的净资产收益率无关;手续费收入仍是我国商业银行非利息收入的主要来源;但国有商业银行与非国有商业银行无论是非利息收入的总量还是构成,均存在显著的差异。