Adolescents’ perception of peer groups: Psychological,behavioral, and relational determinants

Adolescents’ social cognitive understanding of their social world is often inaccurate and biased. Focusing on peer groups, this study examines how adolescents’ psychological, behavioral, and relational characteristics influence the extent to which they accurately identify their own and others’ peer groups. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 1481 seventh- and tenth-grade Chinese students who are embedded with 346 peer groups. Overall, females and older students had more accurate perceptions. In addition, lower self-esteem, higher indegree centrality, and lower betweenness centrality in the friendship network predicted more accurate perception of one’s own groups, whereas higher academic performance and lower betweenness centrality in the friendship network predicted more accurate perception of others’ groups. Implications for understanding the connection between adolescents’ psychological and behavioral traits, social relationships, and social cognition are discussed.     

论校园导向标识的人性化设计

校园导向标识系统中引入人性化设计理念,体现了"为人而设计"的本质,具有文化性、关怀性、形象性、连续性和统一性等五个特征,校园导向标识人性化设计的表现方法可从地图标识、指示标识、名称标识和安全规范标识四方面尝试。     

以人为本:数字媒介生态与广告传播

为了把握当今数字化时代媒介生态环境与广告传播的变革,运用尼尔·M·波兹曼(Neil M.Postman)提出的“媒介生态”理论与当前广告传播实践相结合的研究方法,研究认为以人为本的数字媒介生态正在形成,广告传播以此为背景,呈现出以人为本的娱乐化价值取向、定向多维传播模式和非线性创意思维的特征。     

法律英语翻译的模糊性与准确性

法律英语作为一种特点鲜明的语类,具有极强的强制性和规范性。但为了加大法律的打击力度和适用法律的灵活性,法律英语中也不乏模糊用语。主要从语义和语篇功能两个角度对法律英语的准确性和模糊性进行了分析,并探讨了翻译过程中准确性与模糊性的处理方法。     

两点边值问题的一种高精度差分方法

从中心差分公式出发，利用二阶微分的四阶差分公式，对两点边值问题得到了一种四阶精度的差分格式，该方法仅涉及中心点及相邻网格点，具有四阶精度，并且由所提格式得到的线性方程组是三对角线型的，可以直接采用追赶法进行求解，数值算例的结果表明，该格式比以往的格式具有更高的精度，并且计算简便。     

谈歌唱教学中的气息运用

歌唱教学中呼吸的运用十分重要,本文集作者多年教学经验,从正确运用呼吸控制音准及呼吸与情感变化,呼吸与歌曲内容的转化等几方面作以论述。     

员工持股计划抑制了企业非效率投资？

员工持股计划重启是我国资本市场助力企业维持人力资源禀赋、建立长效激励机制的一项重要制度安排。以2014—2018年沪深A股上市公司为样本,探究员工持股计划实施对企业非效率投资的影响。研究发现：员工持股计划并未达到抑制企业非效率投资的理想效果,反而加剧了企业的过度投资,但对投资不足的正向影响并不显著;在市场化程度欠发达地区,员工持股计划与非效率投资的正向效应更为显著;进一步分析发现在大股东定向受让、股东赠予方式下,高管认购比例能够显著抑制企业的过度投资。研究结论证实了当前我国员工持股计划长期激励效应不足的现状,为监管层完善相关制度提供了理论支撑,同时对投资者决策具有一定的警示作用。     

文化认知中定向思维模式的建构与解构——以中国少数民族文化范式为研究视阈

定向思维模式的建构与解构实际上反映出认知结构的二重性特征,两者在文化认知活动中可互为挹注共存于对立统一关系里。因此,对中国少数民族文化范式的研究,不仅要重视建构之功能催生的符号化文化构成,还应关注解构之功能显现的非常见的文化元素。同时,只有弄清楚定向思维模式的建构与解构在文化认知中的意涵,才能明确定向思维模式的“趋向”和“专注”特点以及“惰化”和“孤立”倾向,从而为牵及民族文化事项的认知固化与迁移提供理论工具并用以指导多元文化实践。     

A permutation test approach to the choice of size k for the nearest neighbors classifier

The k nearest neighbors (k-NN) classifier is one of the most popular methods for statistical pattern recognition and machine learning. In practice, the size k, the number of neighbors used for classification, is usually arbitrarily set to one or some other small numbers, or based on the cross-validation procedure. In this study, we propose a novel alternative approach to decide the size k. Based on a k-NN-based multivariate multi-sample test, we assign each k a permutation test based Z-score. The number of NN is set to the k with the highest Z-score. This approach is computationally efficient since we have derived the formulas for the mean and variance of the test statistic under permutation distribution for multiple sample groups. Several simulation and real-world data sets are analyzed to investigate the performance of our approach. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated through the evaluation of prediction accuracies using Z-score as a criterion to select the size k. We also compare our approach to the widely used cross-validation approaches. The results show that the size k selected by our approach yields high prediction accuracies when informative features are used for classification, whereas the cross-validation approach may fail in some cases.     

Estimation and Inference Procedures for Semiparametric Distribution Models with Varying Linear‐Index

More flexible semiparametric linear‐index regression models are proposed to describe the conditional distribution. Such a model formulation captures varying effects of covariates over the support of a response variable in distribution, offers an alternative perspective on dimension reduction and covers a lot of widely used parametric and semiparameteric regression models. A feasible pseudo likelihood approach, accompanied with a simple and easily implemented algorithm, is further developed for the mixed case with both varying and invariant coefficients. By justifying some theoretical properties on Banach spaces, the uniform consistency and asymptotic Gaussian process of the proposed estimator are also established in this article. In addition, under the monotonicity of distribution in linear‐index, we develop an alternative approach based on maximizing a varying accuracy measure. By virtue of the asymptotic recursion relation for the estimators, some of the achievements in this direction include showing the convergence of the iterative computation procedure and establishing the large sample properties of the resulting estimator. It is noticeable that our theoretical framework is very helpful in constructing confidence bands for the parameters of interest and tests for the hypotheses of various qualitative structures in distribution. Generally, the developed estimation and inference procedures perform quite satisfactorily in the conducted simulations and are demonstrated to be useful in reanalysing data from the Boston house price study and the World Values Survey.