社会必要劳动时间：马恩论述的新解读——认识分歧的客观原因探讨之二

关于社会必要劳动时间,不同意一种含义论的学者们所发现的、引以为论据的马克思恩格斯的论述,在不同地方的确存在差异.这是社会必要劳动时间含义问题上的长期存在分歧和争论的一个重要客观原因.     

Tests for Bivariate Symmetry Against Ordered Alternatives in Square Contingency Tables

Let X and Y denote two ordinal response variables, each having I levels. When subjects are classified on both variables, there are I 2 possible combinations of classifications. Let pij = Pr (X = i, Y = j) . This paper introduces a family of tests based on φ –divergence measures for testing H₀: pij = pji against H1: pij ≥ pji (I≥ j) ; and for testing H1 against H2: pij unrestricted. A simulation study assesses some of the family of tests introduced in this paper in comparison to the likelihood ratio test.     

Re-examining informative prior elicitation through the lens of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods

Summary.  In recent years, advances in Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques have had a major influence on the practice of Bayesian statistics. An interesting but hitherto largely underexplored corollary of this fact is that Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques make it practical to consider broader classes of informative priors than have been used previously. Conjugate priors, long the workhorse of classic methods for eliciting informative priors, have their roots in a time when modern computational methods were unavailable. In the current environment more attractive alternatives are practicable. A reappraisal of these classic approaches is undertaken, and principles for generating modern elicitation methods are described. A new prior elicitation methodology in accord with these principles is then presented.     

论五卅运动时期美、英、日对华外交之异同

五卅运动时期 ,美、英、日等主要资本主义国家为了维护在华利益各自展开了殚精竭虑的外交活动。面对中国日益高涨的民族主义运动 ,他们不得不有针对性地调整对华外交策略 ,过去那种以武力和炮舰征服中国的旧殖民体系开始松动。该时期他们的对华政策是不一样的 ,异中有同 ,同中存异 ,总的趋势是由强硬走向怀柔 ,由合作转向分裂     

零级亚纯函数关于小函数的BR方向

通过计算证明了一类满足条件limlnlnTl(nrr,f)=k,2相似文献   

三代人同时面对文学

20世纪80年代的《读书》，三个主要作者群体共同面对现当代文学，第一代人与后两代人早已暗暗存有分歧。《读书》表面上出现了三种主流的音调，但是实际上其中的文学图景是各自孤立的板块式结构，这种结构也成为了80年代之后的《读书》分裂和困境的源头。     

Second‐order Accurate Confidence Regions Based on Members of the Generalized Power Divergence Family

Recently, a technique based on pseudo‐observations has been proposed to tackle the so‐called convex hull problem for the empirical likelihood statistic. The resulting adjusted empirical likelihood also achieves the high‐order precision of the Bartlett correction. Nevertheless, the technique induces an upper bound on the resulting statistic that may lead, in certain circumstances, to worthless confidence regions equal to the whole parameter space. In this paper, we show that suitable pseudo‐observations can be deployed to make each element of the generalized power divergence family Bartlett‐correctable and released from the convex hull problem. Our approach is conceived to achieve this goal by means of two distinct sets of pseudo‐observations with different tasks. An important effect of our formulation is to provide a solution that permits to overcome the problem of the upper bound. The proposal, which effectiveness is confirmed by simulation results, gives back attractiveness to a broad class of statistics that potentially contains good alternatives to the empirical likelihood.     

Bayesian zero-inflated generalized Poisson regression model: estimation and case influence diagnostics

Count data with excess zeros arises in many contexts. Here our concern is to develop a Bayesian analysis for the zero-inflated generalized Poisson (ZIGP) regression model to address this problem. This model provides a useful generalization of zero-inflated Poisson model since the generalized Poisson distribution is overdispersed/underdispersed relative to Poisson. Due to the complexity of the ZIGP model, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to develop a Bayesian procedure for the considered model. Additionally, some discussions on the model selection criteria are presented and a Bayesian case deletion influence diagnostics is investigated for the joint posterior distribution based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence. Finally, a simulation study and a psychological example are given to illustrate our methodology.     

On measures of relative information with preference

In this paper sore generalized measures of relative information with preference have been suggested and characterized. Various previously known results are shown as particular cases of these measures.