论民族素质能量的积聚途径和方式--民族素质研究之四

本文利用丰富的资料,从教育、研究与开发、知识产权保护、开放度等四个方面,对民族素质能量积聚的途径、方式进行了开拓性的研究.     

试论马林诺夫斯基的性人类学研究

性人类学主要针对部落社会以及其他技术不发达的非西方文化中的性实践进行系统的描述和分析 ,关注的主要是生物的、心理的因素和产生性爱冲动、性吸引以及某种特定性行为的文化因素之间的互动关系。马林诺夫斯基是性人类学研究的第一位大师 ,他对异域社会性实践的田野考察建构了一种文化差异 ,为的是让人们找到反省本土文化的机会 ,从而做出建设性的自我批评并抛弃掉那些既武断又矛盾的陈旧观念     

多层面引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应的途径

本文从不同层面探讨了宗教与社会主义社会相适应的途径,分析了正确对待宗教工作的方法和态度,着重论述了新时期应该突出宗教的伦理和文化功能的观点,从制度支持、信仰者个体自我约束与政府的管理相互促进、以保证信教者与不信教者拥有平等的地位等方面探讨了宗教与社会主义社会相适应的条件及途径。     

Estimation of Nonparametric Models With Simultaneity

We introduce methods for estimating nonparametric, nonadditive models with simultaneity. The methods are developed by directly connecting the elements of the structural system to be estimated with features of the density of the observable variables, such as ratios of derivatives or averages of products of derivatives of this density. The estimators are therefore easily computed functionals of a nonparametric estimator of the density of the observable variables. We consider in detail a model where to each structural equation there corresponds an exclusive regressor and a model with one equation of interest and one instrument that is included in a second equation. For both models, we provide new characterizations of observational equivalence on a set, in terms of the density of the observable variables and derivatives of the structural functions. Based on those characterizations, we develop two estimation methods. In the first method, the estimators of the structural derivatives are calculated by a simple matrix inversion and matrix multiplication, analogous to a standard least squares estimator, but with the elements of the matrices being averages of products of derivatives of nonparametric density estimators. In the second method, the estimators of the structural derivatives are calculated in two steps. In a first step, values of the instrument are found at which the density of the observable variables satisfies some properties. In the second step, the estimators are calculated directly from the values of derivatives of the density of the observable variables evaluated at the found values of the instrument. We show that both pointwise estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal.     

Penalized proportion estimation for non parametric mixture of regressions

Abstract

In this article, we propose a penalized local log-likelihood method to locally select the number of components in non parametric finite mixture of regression models via proportion shrinkage method. Mean functions and variance functions are estimated simultaneously. We show that the number of components can be estimated consistently, and further establish asymptotic normality of functional estimates. We use a modified EM algorithm to estimate the unknown functions. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. We illustrate our method via an empirical analysis of the housing price index data of United States.     

基于EaR的上市商业银行财务风险评价研究

商业银行在我国经济发展和转型中起着重要作用,近年来随着经济增速放缓、利率市场化和同业竞争加剧的影响,商业银行面临的财务风险也不断加大。为了科学合理地评价商业银行的财务风险,本文从在险价值(VaR)的概念出发引入了在险值的财务风险评价方法对上市商业银行的在险盈余和在险现金流进行测度,实证结果表明目前商业银行总体具有良好的盈利水平,但部分商业银行存在现金流风险。     

试探《论语》语境恢复法

读书分两种目的,或为修身（做人）而读书,或为治学（立业）而读书,相应有两种读法：为修身而读书当重在一个“悟”字,为治学而读书则当重在一个“懂”字。《论语》在记载、誊写、编纂各个环节造成了语境缺失,使读“懂”《论语》变得很困难,要读懂《论语》就要尽可能恢复《论语》的语境。其基本做法,就是根据《论语》章中所透露的信息（诸如人物、事件、时间、地点等）来追寻某言某事得以发生的场景,以追溯其言语背景。     

中国省际公共资本存量估算:概念、框架与指标构建

文章通过合理界定公共资本内涵及统计范围,运用资产价值公式推导资产折旧率的时间序列数据,基于永续盘存法、“年龄—效率”函数谨慎测算1985-2014年中国省际公共资本存量和生产性公共资本存量。结果表明,与公共资本存量相比,生产性公共资本存量通过综合考虑资产退役及效率损失,更能反映实际服务于生产过程的公共资本规模。总体上,中国生产性公共资本存量自1993年以来增速明显加快,金融危机时期积极财政政策的实施进一步推动公共资本存量的迅速积累;区域上,生产性公共资本存量由东向西呈阶梯式分布,沿海地区公共资本存量处于领先水平,而大西北地区的公共投资呈严重不足状态。     

减排约束下中国天然气供需安全评价:2006-2014年

为准确把握中国天然气供需安全状态,以2006-2014年的数据为样本,在模糊隶属度函数量化指标值的基础上,运用层次分析法(AHP)和熵值法确定指标权重,基于线性加权和函数计算均方根进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)中国天然气供需安全指数呈现"N形"波动,2006-2007年天然气供需安全指数上升。2007-2013年天然气供需安全指数年均下降1.7979。2013年以来天然气供需安全指数开始回升,天然气供需安全压力有所缓解。(2)天然气供应安全指数从2006年的17.5914下降到2013年的0.1556,峰谷差17.4359。天然气需求安全指数呈现"W形"波动。天然气市场安全指数相对稳定,2013年以来略有上升,天然气市场风险逐年下降。(3)天然气供需安全很大程度上取决于天然气供应是否安全。因此,建议从确保天然气稳定供应、提高天然气使用效率和降低市场风险方面采取措施,维护天然气供需安全。     

A win ratio approach to comparing continuous non‐normal outcomes in clinical trials

Clinical trials are often designed to compare continuous non‐normal outcomes. The conventional statistical method for such a comparison is a non‐parametric Mann–Whitney test, which provides a P‐value for testing the hypothesis that the distributions of both treatment groups are identical, but does not provide a simple and straightforward estimate of treatment effect. For that, Hodges and Lehmann proposed estimating the shift parameter between two populations and its confidence interval (CI). However, such a shift parameter does not have a straightforward interpretation, and its CI contains zero in some cases when Mann–Whitney test produces a significant result. To overcome the aforementioned problems, we introduce the use of the win ratio for analysing such data. Patients in the new and control treatment are formed into all possible pairs. For each pair, the new treatment patient is labelled a ‘winner’ or a ‘loser’ if it is known who had the more favourable outcome. The win ratio is the total number of winners divided by the total numbers of losers. A 95% CI for the win ratio can be obtained using the bootstrap method. Statistical properties of the win ratio statistic are investigated using two real trial data sets and six simulation studies. Results show that the win ratio method has about the same power as the Mann–Whitney method. We recommend the use of the win ratio method for estimating the treatment effect (and CI) and the Mann–Whitney method for calculating the P‐value for comparing continuous non‐Normal outcomes when the amount of tied pairs is small. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.