亚当·斯密的公路经济理论

研究了亚当.斯密公路经济理论的几个重要观点:公路的选址和规模、资金筹措、运营和征收车辆通行税等,并分析了车辆通行税管理权划归中央或地方的标准,得出建立监督机制、关注乡村公路和偏远公路有利于公路发展的结论,这对中国公路建设理论与实践有重要的借鉴作用。     

注重效率,维护公平--对公平与效率关系问题的科学诠释

中共中央在《公民道德建设实施纲要》中强调指出的注重效率、维护公平 ,是在科学认识社会主义市场经济条件下公平与效率内涵的基础上对公平与效率关系问题的科学诠释。在社会主义市场经济条件下 ,公平不仅包括经济意义上的公平 ,也包括政治、伦理意义上的公平 ;效率也不应当仅仅是经济效益 ,而应该是指整个社会系统运作的效率。公平是效率的内在要求 ,效率也是公平的内在要求 ,公平制约着效率 ,效率制约着公平 ,二者不是非此即彼、互相排斥的 ,而是互相促进、相辅相成即辩证统一的。     

农村教育问题的经济学分析及其解决途径

本文从农村教育问题产生的经济学本质出发,首先分析影响农村教育的需求因素,收益与成本比较;其次,从政府的角度分析了影响农村教育的供给因素和政府资金的效用,然后在此基础上提出解决农村教育问题的经济途径:改革农村教育模式和管理体制,提高农村教育需求和供给水平。     

理清大经贸战略思路牵引重庆经济快速发展

针对重庆直辖市的特殊市情,提出《重庆市未来五年到2010年对外经贸发展规划》的修改意见:规划的着力点、重庆外经贸特征与自身条件、定位、争取优惠条件、利用外资、货物贸易、服务贸易、经营管理体制改革、基础建设等。     

中国西部开发与美国西部开发的对比研究

通过对美国西部开发和中国西部开发的对比及借鉴美国西部的经济开发策略,对中国西部的经济发展提出了采取“梯度转移”与有条件的“增长极核发展”相结合的经济发展战略模式的建议。     

Economics of Radiation Protection: Equity Considerations

In order to implement cost-benefit analysis of protective actions to reduce radiological exposures, one needs to attribute a monetary value to the avoided exposure. Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has stressed the need to take into consideration not only the collective exposure to ionising radiation but also its dispersion in the population. In this paper, by using some well known and some recent results in the economics of uncertainty, we discuss how to integrate these recommendations in the valuation of the benefit of protection.     

Adaptive Build-up and Breakdown of Trust: An Agent Based Computational Approach

This article employs Agent-Based Computational Economics (ACE) to investigate whether, and under what conditions, trust is viable in markets. The emergence and breakdown of trust is modeled in a context of multiple buyers and suppliers. Agents develop trust in a partner as a function of observed loyalty. They select partners on the basis of their trust in the partner and potential profit, with adaptive weights. On the basis of realized profits, they adapt the weight they attach to trust relative to profitability, and their own trustworthiness, modeled as a threshold of defection. Trust and loyalty turn out to be viable under fairly general conditions.     

论社会主义市场经济的三个根本问题

坚持和发展社会主义市场经济,必须紧紧抓住和解决好基本制度、生产目的和资源配置这三个根本问题.这三个根本问题也构成了中国特色社会主义政治经济学的核心内容.在基本制度方面,必须坚持公有制主体地位不能动摇,国有经济主导作用不能动摇;坚持按劳分配为主体、使改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民.在生产目的上,要满足广大人民日益增长、不断升级和个性化的物质文化和生态环境需要.在解放和发展生产力的同时,保证被解放和发展了的生产力归人民所有,走可持续发展道路.在资源配置方面,社会主义国家由于有公有制经济的全力配合,政府对资源配置才能真正发挥“看得见的手”的作用,当然其效果如何还得看这只手有没有遵循经济发展的客观规律.中国特色社会主义追求的是共同富裕,公有制的存在和发展保证了经济发展成果由人民群众共享,从而中国特色社会主义的效率必然是也必须是最广大人民群众的效率,从而这个效率必然是与公平一致的.     

Demand for gambling: development and assessment of a gambling purchase task

Self-report purchase tasks are a novel approach examining the reinforcing value of addictive behaviour relative to increasing monetary costs required to access the addictive behaviour (i.e. demand). These measures reveal a positive relationship between the indices of demand and addiction problem severity and can elucidate factors associated with motivation for substance use. Gambling is an addictive behaviour that has not been examined using this paradigm. This study seeks to adapt and examine the purchase task for gambling behaviour. A gambling purchase task was devised that asked individuals how often per month they would gamble at various cover charges. Participants were 73 adults from the community with either gambling disorder (n = 28) or alcohol use disorder (n = 24) or were a healthy control (n = 21). Both the alcohol and gambling purchase tasks were administered. Results demonstrate discriminant validity of the gambling purchase task, as individuals with gambling disorder have significantly greater demand for accessing gambling than other groups. The alcohol purchase task also evidenced discriminant validity in that individuals with alcohol use disorder have significantly greater demand for alcohol than other groups. These findings support the use of the gambling purchase task to assess the demand for gambling.