Monkey bars and ladders: The importance of lateral and vertical job mobility in internal labor market careers

This paper compares results from the empirical literature on internal labor markets with outcomes from analyzing personnel data of the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. It sheds light on differences in the functioning of internal labor markets between periods of workforce growth and decline. Despite substantial variation in individual wages, careers are important as wages are strongly related to job levels. Promotion rates fall and demotion rates rise when the firm enters the stage of demise. Vertical and lateral job mobility are important in internal labor market careers as they stimulate wage growth and reduce the lay-off risk.     

现代西方经济周期与经济学说的关系

20世纪30年代经济大危机爆发后,新古典经济学产生危机,凯恩斯掀起了现代经济思想史上的"革命".五六十年代,"凯恩斯经济学"的实施,导致了新的危机--通货膨胀危机,70年代后凯恩斯经济学悄然退场,各色"新自由主义"经济学一度回潮.80年代末、90年代初,高失业率和生产停滞重新成为美国等西方国家的主要经济问题,"新凯恩斯主义"--"现代主流经济学新综合派"应运而生.经济学上的危机、革命和综合,是西方现代经济运行的必然选择.     

Decision problems under uncertainty based on entropy functionals

This essay intends to define the role of entropy, in particular, the role of the maximum entropy criterion with respect to decision analysis and information economics. By considering the average opportunity loss interpretation, the basic hypothesis for Shannon's derivation can be derived from properties of decision problems. Using the representation Bayes Boundary it is possible to show that selecting a single probability from a set by the Maximum Entropy Criterion corresponds to a minimax criterion for decision-making. Since problems of randomly accessing and storing information as well as communicating information can often be stated in terms of coding problems, this result might be used to develop strategies for minimizing retrieval time or communication costs.     

南宁产业集群培育发展的路径选择

产业集群与产业竞争力密切关联,培育产业集群是加快南宁工业经济发展的关键所在:它是推动南宁经济结构升级的必然要求;是推动南宁区域经济增长的重要动力;是打造北部湾经济区加工制造业基地的重要方式。加快南宁产业集群培育和发展的主要路径有:实施产业链定向招商;在现有产业基础上培育壮大;培育"种子"企业;建设好开发区和工业园区等重要载体;政府调控与市场运作相结合。     

网络与社会资本的经济学分析框架

随着信息密集度技术在产业结构的演进中扮演着越来越重要的角色 ,网络作为数目有限的企业所形成的一种与专业化有关的柔性组织 ,它通过网络内成员间的长期协作以及惩罚机制形成信任 ,从而可以分散专业化的风险。因此 ,网络是一种通过协作使创新分散化的装置 ,网络主体间的互动关系是一种可以产生信任的合作装置 ,也是技术进步的重要源泉。网络对个人行为的影响在社会资本理论中得到充分的体现。社会资本理论认为 ,个人关系及其社会关系网络对产生信任、建立期望、规范行为有着重要的影响 ,个人可以利用周围的社会关系实现其目标。作为研究企业和组织理论的新的分析框架的网络经济学及其网络所蕴涵的社会资本分析范式对于当前中国经济学的发展与创新有着重要的意义。     

Two-person sequential bargaining behavior with exogenous breakdown

We examine bargaining behavior in a noncooperative game in which players alternate in making and responding to proposals over the division of a given surplus. Although the number of bargaining periods is unlimited and time is not discounted, the bargaining is subject to exogenous breakdown at each period with a fixed probability which is common knowledge. We manipulate three probabilities of break-down in a between-subjects design that allows comparison with previous studies of two-person bargaining with time discounting. Assuming that subjects maximize expected utility, and this utility is measured by monetary payoffs, our results reject both the subgame perfect equilibrium and equal split solutions. Data analyses reveal that a substantial percentage of subjects behave adaptively in that they systematically search for the highest acceptable demands.     

Status quo bias in decision making

Most real decisions, unlike those of economics texts, have a status quo alternative—that is, doing nothing or maintaining one's current or previous decision. A series of decision-making experiments shows that individuals disproportionately stick with the status quo. Data on the selections of health plans and retirement programs by faculty members reveal that the status quo bias is substantial in important real decisions. Economics, psychology, and decision theory provide possible explanations for this bias. Applications are discussed ranging from marketing techniques, to industrial organization, to the advance of science.     

人类学、经济学、博弈论视野下的法学研究——读《无需法律的秩序——邻人如何解决纠纷》

通过简述了《无需法律的秩序——邻人如何解决纠纷》一书的主要内容,评析了该书中提出的非正式社会控制理论观点及论证方式,由此得以揭示人类学、经济学、博弈论等跨学科结合才是法学研究方法的未来。     

Mindfulness in financial literacy

ABSTRACT

Financial education is becoming imperative in a society that has pitfalls for unwary consumers. To ensure effectiveness, educational strategies must take into consideration the readiness of consumers to learn the curriculum. Behavioral economics highlights the obstacles that educators face in promoting financial efficacy. Such obstacles include envy, fear, greed, and other all too familiar human failings. One innovative model, mindfulness, provides insight into the human dynamics of personal financial behaviors. This article ties together financial education, mindfulness techniques, and transtheoretical stages of readiness. The impact of gradually introduced educational tasks is presented with an eye toward clients’ stages of readiness, and mindfulness addresses the emotional burdens of altering a financially profligate lifestyle.     

About the contributors

The paper reports secondary analysis of data from the 2010 British Gambling Prevalence Survey, a household survey of a representative sample of the population aged 16 years and over (N = 7756). Responses to questions about frequency of gambling and average monthly spend on each of 15 forms of gambling, and responses to two different problem gambling screens (DSM-IV and PGSI), were used to derive estimates, for each form of gambling separately, of the percentage of (1) all days play (two estimates), and (2) all spend (four estimates), attributable to problem gamblers. Although these estimates must be treated as approximations only, they demonstrate that problem gamblers make a far greater contribution to total gambling attendances and losses than problem gambling prevalence figures would suggest. There are certain forms of British gambling to which problem gamblers may be contributing as much as 20–30% of all days play and spend, and moderate risk gamblers a possible further 10–20%.