行为经济学的逻辑主线和理论贡献

行为经济学家于2002年获得诺贝尔经济学奖后,行为经济学在国内经济学界迅速传播,但是国内对行为经济学的理解多限于外围和表面。本文分析了行为经济学的逻辑主线,归纳了其核心观点和理论贡献,并对行为经济学的应用和发展进行了综述和介绍。     

马克思平等思想的政治经济学分析

“平等“是早期资产阶级革命的重要口号之一。但是,资本主义制度为人类带来的不是平等,而是一种新的剥削形式。马克思竭尽毕生精力揭示了资本主义剥削的秘密,为我们留下了宝贵的平等思想。     

城市基础设施供给不足的制度经济分析

文章从计划经济体制的弊端、投资体制改革落后、对消费者的需求偏好界定成本过高等制度经济学的角度入手,分析了基础设施供给不足的原因。政府只有转换角色定位,创新融资模式,开展多元化融资、进行地方政府联合投资、引入私人合作开发,才能加快城市化进程中基础设施的供给。     

Educational Assortative Mating and Income Dynamics in Couples: A Longitudinal Dyadic Perspective

The question of how educational assortative mating may transform couples' lives and within‐family gender inequality has gained increasing attention. Using 25 waves (1979–2012) of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and longitudinal multilevel dyad models, this study investigated how educational assortative mating shapes income dynamics in couples during the marital life course. Couples were grouped into three categories—educational hypergamy (wives less educated than their husbands), homogamy, and hypogamy (wives more educated than their husbands). Results show that change in husbands' income with marital duration is similar across couples, whereas change in wives' income varies by educational assortative mating, with wives in educational hypogamy exhibiting more positive change in income during the marital life course. The finding that husbands' long‐term economic advancement is less affected than that of wives by educational assortative mating underscores the gender‐asymmetric nature of spousal influence in heterosexual marriages.     

人类中心主义与绿色意识形态的融合——对佩珀和多布森观点的比较和评析

多布森认为生态主义理论是一种独立的绿色的意识形态,与任何一种环境主义都不相融。佩珀则通过分析经济学价值论的三种流派的基本观点,阐明了各种环境主义与不同的价值论所代表的社会力量之间的关系,从而揭示了生态主义内含的各种矛盾及其无政府主义根基。佩珀认为,无政府主义具有自由主义和共产主义两个维度,无政府共产主义与生态社会主义在经济和政治哲学上具有相近性,应从生态社会主义的人类中心主义出发,推动人类中心主义与绿色意识形态的融合,推动生态主义向生态无政府共产主义,以致向生态社会主义靠拢。     

论消极投资者权利的法律保护路径

我国市场发展过程中出现了许多新形态的投资,现行法律往往按照非法集资来处理,这种处理方式对保护投资者不利。出资后不直接控制或参与资金的运用,出资的回报主要依靠管理者或代理人等第三方的努力,构成消极投资者,与证券市场上的投资者地位实质上相同。应借鉴美国的做法,扩大证券的定义,将对于消极投资者的保护纳入证券法,开放投资市场,以证券法的制度规范非典型证券,以防止各种欺诈的发生,保护投资者权利。     

选择与成本

市场经济社会,呈现多元并举的开放形态,人们面临的选择越来越多,但对选择的认识多囿于社会学或哲学的范畴。经济学从成本的角度,在主观价值论的参照系里,对选择付出的“成本”有量化的可能。基于此,一个人面对选择时,应该可以做出更明智更科学的决断。     

富裕社会中贫困的消除：加尔布雷思的探究及启示

贫困表现为人的基本需要得不到满足,“富裕社会”中的贫困表现为私人生产、物质生产的过剩和公共生产、精神生产的不足。加尔布雷思认为,美国“富裕社会”中贫困的原因是不平衡的“二元经济体系”,只要实行“新社会主义”,实现“计划体系”和“市场体系”的平衡,就能解决“富裕”背后的贫困问题。由于这一设想是以不改变资本主义的经济基础为前提的,所以,只能是一种治标不治本的改良。只有扬弃经济学的“传统智慧”,建构以促进“每个人的自由发展”为目标的“全面生产”经济学,才能从根本上消除“富裕社会”中的贫困问题。     

Poverty and educational achievement in the US: A less-biased estimate using PISA 2012 data

In the current paper, we employ the most recent Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data to calculate a less-biased estimate of poverty on US achievement. The PISA was specifically chosen as it is an assessment removed from a specific curriculum and instead focuses on concepts that students should know in order to participate in a global economy. Using a propensity score matching approach, our findings suggest that US students in poverty have notable educational attainment deficiencies compared to a matched group of students who are not in poverty. In other words, when we select two students who have a great deal in common but for the fact that one comes from a poverty background, the student in poverty is expected to perform nearly 28 points, or about a quarter of a standard deviation lower, on the PISA assessment. In real terms, this puts math achievement for children not in poverty on-par with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average, while children in poverty are well below the OECD average.     

Reciprocal relationships in tax compliance decisions

Reciprocity considerations are important to the tax compliance problem as they may explain the global dynamics of tax evasion, beyond individual tax evasion decisions, toward a downward or upward spiral. To provide evidence on reciprocity in tax compliance decisions, we have conducted a laboratory experiment in which we introduced two types of inequities. The first type of inequity is called vertical, because it refers to inequities introduced by the government when it sets different fiscal parameters for identical taxpayers, while the second type of inequity is called horizontal because it refers to the fact that taxpayers may differ in tax compliance decisions. In this setting, taxpayers may react to a disadvantageous or advantageous inequity through negative or positive reciprocal behaviors, respectively. Our results support the existence of negative and positive reciprocity in both vertical and horizontal cases. When both inequities come into play and may induce reciprocal behaviors in opposite directions, the horizontal always dominates the vertical.