“以房养老”模式的运作基础分析

以我国老龄化为背景,分别从物质基础、市场基础、政府的支持和实践基础等四个维度出发,全面分析了在我国推行"以房养老"模式的条件与可行性。首先从我国居民住房概况、城市老人经济情况和我国房地产业着手,论证我国运作"以房养老"模式已具备一定物质基础;第二,运用阿杰恩的合理行为理论,阐述在我国推行"以房养老"模式的群众心理,说明已具备市场基础;第三,从政府态度这个角度阐明"以房养老"模式将得到政府的支持;第四,梳理国内外反向抵押贷款的实践经验与教训。尽管目前我国理论界对以房养老模式还存在着不同的看法,但我国已具备实行以房养老模式的条件和基础,在我国大力推行以房养老具有广阔的前景。     

架起低碳现实与法律制度的桥梁——社会调查方法应用探讨

对目前中国低碳现实环境的了解与分析是探讨低碳法律制度安排的前提和基础。将社会调查方法应用到低碳法律制度研究中,不仅是法学方法论的突破,同时体现着法学研究的一种理性自觉,也为低碳立法和人民参与立法提供了一种科学有效的手段。社会调查方法在低碳法律制度研究中的应用包括方案设计、问卷设计、应注意的价值取向以及多种方法的结合等方面。     

农林类大学计算机基础教育课程体系的构建和实施方案

大学计算机基础教育目的是使学生掌握计算机、网络及相关的信息技术的基本知识,培养学生利用计算机分析问题、解决问题的意识和能力,提高学生计算机素质,为将来利用计算机技术解决本专业的实际问题打下基础。根据农林类大学具有专业领域分布广、学生素质一般、不同专业的学生具有计算机基础差距较大,对计算机知识的掌握、课程要求的不同需求,提出了农林类大学计算机基础教育的课程体系、课程设置和实施方案。     

再论《五方元音》入声的性质

樊腾凤《五方元音》是明清时期一部韵书韵图相配合的等韵化韵书,是研究明清语音的重要资料。《五方元音》共有五个调类,即阴平、阳平、上声、去声、入声。从编纂形式来看,入声是独立存在的,并没有并入平上去声中。但其入声的性质如何呢？是实际语音的反映？还是仿古的表现呢？对此学术界的看法不一,莫衷一是。本文在前人研究成果的基础上,结合入声在近代汉语的空间分布,从方言入声发展的动态着眼,重新审视了《五方元音》入声的性质,认为《五方元音》保留入声是实际语音的反映。     

Construction and selection of tightened–normal–tightened variables sampling scheme of type TNTVSS (n 1, n 2; k)

This paper provides tables for the construction and selection of tightened–normal–tightened variables sampling scheme of type TNTVSS (n ₁, n ₂; k). The method of designing the scheme indexed by (AQL, α) and (LQL, β) is indicated. The TNTVSS (n _T , n _N; k) is compared with conventional single sampling plans for variables and with TNT (n ₁, n ₂; c) scheme for attributes, and it is shown that the TNTVSS is more efficient.     

A disarmingly simple idea? Practical bottlenecks in the implementation of a universal basic income

This article considers the implementation of a universal basic income, a neglected area in basic income research. We identify and examine three important practical bottlenecks that may prevent a basic income scheme from attaining the universal reach desired and proclaimed by its advocates: i) maintaining a population‐wide cadaster of eligible claimants ensuring full takeup; ii) instituting robust modalities of payment that reach all intended beneficiaries; and iii) designing an effective oversight mechanism in a policy context that actively opposes client monitoring. We argue that the implementation of universal basic income faces unique challenges that its proponents must consider carefully.     

Semi‐conditional cash transfers in the form of family allowances for children and adolescents in the informal economy in Argentina

In 2009, Argentina introduced a new transfer programme for children and adolescents younger than age 18 (Universal Child Allowance) that extended coverage under the contributory programme for family allowances to include families in the informal economy and families of unemployed persons. This article describes this innovative programme, compares it with similar programmes in Latin America and analyses its impact on coverage and its possible effects on the welfare of the population. The results indicate that the extension of access to this type of benefit has reduced considerably the coverage gap for the poor and indigent and supports efforts to consolidate the operations of different and poorly coordinated transfer programmes.     

The conditional maximum of Poisson random variables

The conditional maxima of independent Poisson random variables are studied. A triangular array of row-wise independent Poisson random variables is considered. If condition is given for the row-wise sums, then the limiting distribution of the row-wise maxima is concentrated onto two points. The result is in accordance with the classical result of Anderson. The case of general power series distributions is also covered. The model studied in Theorems 2.1 and 2.2 is an analogue of the generalized allocation scheme. It can be considered as a non homogeneous generalized scheme of allocations of at most n balls into N boxes. Then the maximal value of the contents of the boxes is studied.     

Assessing a minimum pension guarantee for the voluntary IPS in Turkey

The returns from individual account pension plans are subject to fluctuations in capital markets. This increases income uncertainty for the beneficiary and exposes individuals to the risk of fluctuations in the economy in general and the stock market in particular. A minimum pension guarantee is a way to avoid this pitfall by providing a minimum annuity regardless of the actual investment performance of individual accounts. In this article, we present a cost analysis of a minimum benefit guarantee mechanism for the voluntary Individual Pension System in Turkey. We examine the cost estimates and the probability of providing guaranteed payments under various economic and demographic assumptions.     

The sustainability of China’s Urban Employees’ Pension Programme: A case of getting old before getting rich?

This article examines the sustainability of China’s Urban Employees’ Pension Programme – the main component in China’s overall old‐age support system. It looks at the sustainability of the programme generally and, in particular, at case studies of two areas (Tianjin municipality and Guangxi province) to highlight both the extent of regional variations and the common challenges facing Chinese policy‐makers. It discusses a number of key issues that should assist policy‐makers to address the challenge of population ageing. It concludes that the challenge facing China is no more severe than that already faced by other countries in Europe and Asia. Moreover, the ageing of the population is not uniform across the regions of China. Consequently, those areas where the demographic shift is more advanced will provide some opportunity for policy experimentation. Given the experience to date of slow progress on various aspects of pension policy reform, the article suggests that it seems unlikely that paradigmatic change will be significant. Nonetheless, the study suggests a range of parametric policy measures that China should consider. The challenge facing China’s policy‐makers is to ensure that China gets old and rich at the same time.