Multivariate Measures of Well-Being and an Analysis of Inequality in the Michigan Data

We demonstrate a multidimensional approach for combining several indicators of well-being, including the traditional money-income indicators. This methodology avoids the difficult and much criticized task of computing imputed incomes for such indicators as net worth and schooling. Inequality in the proposed composite measures is computed using relative inequality indexes that permit simple analysis of both the contribution of each welfare indicator (and its factor components) and within and between components of total inequality when the population is grouped by income levels, age, gender, or any other criteria. The analysis is performed on U.S. data using the Michigan Survey of Income Dynamics.     

On cumulative entropies

In analogy with the cumulative residual entropy recently proposed by Wang et al. [2003a. A new and robust information theoretic measure and its application to image alignment. In: Information Processing in Medical Imaging. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2732, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 388–400; 2003b. Cumulative residual entropy, a new measure of information and its application to image alignment. In: Proceedings on the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV’03), vol. 1, IEEE Computer Society Press, Silver Spring, MD, pp. 548–553], we introduce and study the cumulative entropy, which is a new measure of information alternative to the classical differential entropy. We show that the cumulative entropy of a random lifetime X can be expressed as the expectation of its mean inactivity time evaluated at X. Hence, our measure is particularly suitable to describe the information in problems related to ageing properties of reliability theory based on the past and on the inactivity times. Our results include various bounds to the cumulative entropy, its connection to the proportional reversed hazards model, and the study of its dynamic version that is shown to be increasing if the mean inactivity time is increasing. The empirical cumulative entropy is finally proposed to estimate the new information measure.     

Taub-NUT黑洞的统计熵

避开求解波动方程的困难,利用量子统计的方法,直接计算轴对称Taub-NUT黑洞背景下玻色场和费米场的配分函数.然后利用改进的砖墙方法——膜模型,计算黑洞背景下的玻色场和费米场的熵.计算表明,黑洞的熵与视界面积成正比的结论只有在薄膜的厚度远小于截断因子或两者为同阶无穷小时成立,当无穷小薄膜的厚度远大于无穷小截断因子时,黑洞的熵有一个对数发散项,黑洞熵不再与视界面积成正比.     

Entropy Principles in Decision Making Under Risk

This paper considers decision problems where: (1) The exact probability distribution over the states of nature is not precisely known, but certain prior information is available about the possibilities of these outcomes; (2) A prior distribution over the states of nature is known, but new constraint information about the probabilities becomes available. The maximum entropy principle asserts that the probability distribution with maximum entropy, satisfying the prior knowledge, should be used in the decision problem. The minimum cross-entropy principle says that the posterior distribution is the one which minimizes cross-entropy, subject to the new constraint information. The entropy principles have not gone uncriticized, and this literature, together with that justifying the principles, is surveyed. Both principles are illustrated in a number of situations where the distribution is either discrete or continuous. The discrete distribution case with prior interval estimates based on expert opinions is considered in detail.     

温度、内能、熵与热力学定律

从热力学定律出定，引入温度、内能、熵的概念，说明了热力学定律是温度、内能、熵的依据，而温度、内能、熵是热力学定律的数学表示及必然结果．     

熵权基点决策法在绿色施工评价中的应用

绿色施工是实现建造方式由劳动力密集型向技术密集型、由粗放型向集约型转变的组织方式。保证绿色施工的有效推进,一方面要创新绿色施工技术,另一方面要采取科学的评价方法。在已有文献的基础上,构建了一套科学的绿色施工评价指标体系,并运用熵理论和基点的决策分析方法建立综合评价模型,在一定程度上克服了以往绿色施工评价中的指标主观、测量效果不准确的问题。通过对某工程施工实例分析证明,该方法实用性强,可以应用于工程项目的前期招标方案评价和施工中、后期的施工质量评价。     

文化、熵与乡村自组织演进——基于系统论视角

乡村自组织在形成生产的、资金的和个体利益的有序化整合中,内在地需要一种社团文化上的信任和共同信息范式的基础。这样的文化上的准备,规定了社团成员间的信任关系和互动方式,使得不论是生产各环节上的协作还是资金信用的让渡都以一种较低的成本运行。研究成果表明,通过新乡村建设带动的新文化注入,出现熵减小的趋势。在当代新乡村建设的案例中,无论是小规模的城乡间的生态产品供应,还是跨越十余个村镇的大范围的耕种实验,都能在其中辨别出"合作"的元素。民间经济协作组织形成过程体现了自发性制度演进特征,以及系统的弹性或可恢复性,即在受到干扰后仍能保留或重新获得它原有的状态或构型。     

Adaptive Warped Kernel Estimators

In this work, we develop a method of adaptive non‐parametric estimation, based on ‘warped’ kernels. The aim is to estimate a real‐valued function s from a sample of random couples (X,Y). We deal with transformed data (Φ(X),Y), with Φ a one‐to‐one function, to build a collection of kernel estimators. The data‐driven bandwidth selection is performed with a method inspired by Goldenshluger and Lepski (Ann. Statist., 39, 2011, 1608). The method permits to handle various problems such as additive and multiplicative regression, conditional density estimation, hazard rate estimation based on randomly right‐censored data, and cumulative distribution function estimation from current‐status data. The interest is threefold. First, the squared‐bias/variance trade‐off is automatically realized. Next, non‐asymptotic risk bounds are derived. Lastly, the estimator is easily computed, thanks to its simple expression: a short simulation study is presented.     

“一带一路”背景下中国对外承包工程的国别环境评价研究

对外承包工程是中国与"一带一路"沿线国家经济合作的主要形式之一，加强沿线国家承包工程的国别环境研究有利于降低风险和提高成功率。文章基于现有研究，新增营商环境因素，指标设计上考虑基础设施承包工程的特点，构建了包含6个环境因素、33个指标的工程承包国别环境综合评价体系，运用熵权法对"一带一路"64个国家的工程承包国别环境进行定量评价，对熵权法结果进行了Spearman检验和对国别环境综合值进行了聚类分析。研究结果表明：基础设施环境和经济环境是"一带一路"沿线工程承包重要的国别选择因素；"一带一路"沿线各国的工程承包环境差异显著，分布很不平衡，东南亚、南亚地区国家环境较好，中东欧和西亚北非区域次之，东亚、中亚和独联体地区较差；根据"一带一路"沿线国家工程承包环境评综合价值的大小，可以划分为四种类型：好、较好、较差和差。研究结论不仅为中国在"一带一路"沿线各国开展工程承包提供了国别选择的经验证据，同时为积极落实我国"走出去"战略以及"一带一路"倡议提供了重要参考。     

扩频通信在无线局域网中的应用

阐述目前无线局域网的特点和主要传输方式及扩频通信的主要工作原理,并就直接序列扩频、跳频扩频、跳时扩频和脉冲线形扩频四种扩频技术工作原理、扩频技术的四大特点和扩频技术在无线局域网中的应用前景等作了介绍.