公共经济的主体选择理论依据和标准

在“公共产品理论”形成之前,古典和新古典理论受到自然法的影响,认为公共产品的提供天然是政府,并认为政府是理性的、至善的、唯一的公共产品的提供者。“所谓市场经济,简而言之就是由民间自由交换实现‘私人物品’的有效率的生产,而由政府负责安排公共物品的供给这样一种特殊的制度安排”。     

宗教社会学范式及理论的新进展

20世纪90年代以后,宗教社会学领域出现了新的理论范式。新范式是理解美国宗教的框架,旧范式则来源于欧洲的宗教传统。新范式的内容包括理性选择理论、似真性理论和仪式理论。目前,新范式开始运用于中国、印度等国家的宗教研究,似乎要成为普世性的理论模式。     

全球化语境中的对话文化学的建立

文化是永远朝向自我认同而存在的人的现实生活。由全球化凸现出来的文化冲突反映了人面对异质性存在而产生的自我认同危机。中国传统文化与西方文化的差异不仅表现在内容上,而且表现在它们在当今人类文化格局中所处地位的不同上,即西方文化处于权力话语地位,而中国传统文化却岌岌可危。文化对话不仅是人类共建一种异中求“和”的世界文化新格局的正确途径,而且是中国文化健康发展的正确途径。在当代,建立对话的文化学已刻不容缓。建立对话的文化学不仅是一种普遍的对话范式在文化理论中的确立,而且要求我们在文化实践和社会实践中展开对权力话语的批判。     

试论西方人类学仪式研究范式的现代性转换

西方人类学对于"仪式"的研究,从早期的"神话—仪式"学派,到后来的功能主义学派、结构主义学派,再到象征主义学派,将仪式研究从原来视野相对狭窄的宗教神话领域逐步扩展到更为宏阔的社会生活领域。在此过程中,西方人类学仪式研究形成了一套较为完整的人类学仪式研究的知识谱系,完成了西方人类学仪式研究范式的现代性转换。     

新世纪冯至《十四行集》研究的回顾与反思

检视新世纪冯至《十四行集》的研究，从内外结合的版本研究、现代解诗学的实践、审美现代性范式以及比较研究四个方面，回顾近十多年研究成果，辨析和反思研究观念与研究方法，展望《十四行集》研究的可能学术增长点。     

An Integrated Risk Assessment Model of Township‐Scaled Land Subsidence Based on an Evidential Reasoning Algorithm and Fuzzy Set Theory

Land subsidence risk assessment (LSRA) is a multi‐attribute decision analysis (MADA) problem and is often characterized by both quantitative and qualitative attributes with various types of uncertainty. Therefore, the problem needs to be modeled and analyzed using methods that can handle uncertainty. In this article, we propose an integrated assessment model based on the evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm and fuzzy set theory. The assessment model is structured as a hierarchical framework that regards land subsidence risk as a composite of two key factors: hazard and vulnerability. These factors can be described by a set of basic indicators defined by assessment grades with attributes for transforming both numerical data and subjective judgments into a belief structure. The factor‐level attributes of hazard and vulnerability are combined using the ER algorithm, which is based on the information from a belief structure calculated by the Dempster‐Shafer (D‐S) theory, and a distributed fuzzy belief structure calculated by fuzzy set theory. The results from the combined algorithms yield distributed assessment grade matrices. The application of the model to the Xixi‐Chengnan area, China, illustrates its usefulness and validity for LSRA. The model utilizes a combination of all types of evidence, including all assessment information—quantitative or qualitative, complete or incomplete, and precise or imprecise—to provide assessment grades that define risk assessment on the basis of hazard and vulnerability. The results will enable risk managers to apply different risk prevention measures and mitigation planning based on the calculated risk states.     

Evidential inference for diffusion-type processes

This article analyses diffusion-type processes from a new point-of-view. Consider two statistical hypotheses on a diffusion process. We do not use a classical test to reject or accept one hypothesis using the Neyman–Pearson procedure and do not involve Bayesian approach. As an alternative, we propose using a likelihood paradigm to characterizing the statistical evidence in support of these hypotheses. The method is based on evidential inference introduced and described by Royall [Royall R. Statistical evidence: a likelihood paradigm. London: Chapman and Hall; 1997]. In this paper, we extend the theory of Royall to the case when data are observations from a diffusion-type process instead of iid observations. The empirical distribution of likelihood ratio is used to formulate the probability of strong, misleading and weak evidences. Since the strength of evidence can be affected by the sampling characteristics, we present a simulation study that demonstrates these effects. Also we try to control misleading evidence and reduce them by adjusting these characteristics. As an illustration, we apply the method to the Microsoft stock prices.     

美国小群体传播研究的范式与理论评述

＂小群体＂指成员彼此间有面对面互动关系和情感联系的群体,一般人数较少。小群体是人类生活基本环境与交流的重要场所。＂二战＂以后,对小群体传播的研究逐渐兴盛以至今天呈现出多条主线的景象。本文在研读相关文献的基础上,将美国小群体传播研究理论成果分为结构范式、功能范式、叙事范式和戏剧范式等四种范式,并对有关理论进行介绍,以期对我国学术界开展相关研究提供理论借鉴。     

以古为是：钱大昕与“古学”群体的形成、实践及理念

惠栋汉学的核心价值是"以古为是",其与相关的信仰和技术系统,共同构成了乾嘉考据学最初的"范式"。这一"范式"对钱大昕、王鸣盛等人的影响至深至远,使之得以迅速地进入到考据学的天地之中。不过,"古学"依旧是当时最主要的称名,并产生了广义和狭义的分化,其中狭义的"古学"即专指汉学而言。而乾隆十九年(1754)的进士考试,不但促成了王鸣盛、钱大昕、纪昀等考据学者的聚集,还推动了"古学"群体的形成。众人随即展开了诸多的学术实践,并共同承担起《五礼通考》的编撰任务。这一系列的事件,意味着考据学即将由边缘走向中央,并逐步取代理学,而成为主流的学术形态。     

贝叶斯决策理论视域下的经济逻辑及其研究范式转向--兼析习近平经济思想

经济逻辑学是经济学和逻辑学的交叉学科,它的产生有其必然性,我们可以从经济学的基本假设、经济学的研究方法、经济学研究的确定性以及逻辑学的发展等几个角度给予论证。从贝叶斯决策理论的视角看,它是研究经济活动中理性决策和策略推理的科学。在理论驱动力和现实驱动力的双重作用下,经济逻辑的研究已开始了由形式逻辑范式向科学逻辑范式的转向。