公共行政的典范革命及其启示

受到同期社会科学典范革命的影响 ,从 2 0世纪 60年代开始绵延三十余年 ,围绕政府的现状与未来的问题 ,西方国家发生了涉及广泛的公共行政的典范革命。公共利益、公共责任、管理主义、政府制度创新、民营化、社区自治、中介组织、“掌舵而不划桨”的市场导向、企业化政府等构成了公共行政的新的典则规范。政府从“制高点”退却构成了一种世界现象。然而 ,最终的结论还需要时间     

存在哲学视野中的交往行为理论--哈贝马斯交往行为理论的另一种解读

哈贝马斯的交往行为理论作为一种批判的社会理论,在批判现代西方社会日益严重的弊病和危机的同时,旨在为这一社会提供一种建设性的解决方案。海德格尔的存在哲学则关注于人的生存问题,力图通过对"存在"整体的深度分析来揭示现实生活世界中人们的生存困境,并最终通过诗性的语言来得到克服。与海德格尔的这一思想进路相比较,哈贝马斯的交往行为理论也可以视为是面向生活世界的交往问题而提出来的。哈贝马斯以生活世界作为他的交往行为理论的现实起点,以交往行为为核心实现"交往范式"对"劳动范式"的理论置换,并通过对交往行为进行规范语用学分析将交往理性重建为一种规范的力量,揭示出植根于生活世界的交往活动之中的有效性规范,以此谋求对交往问题的规范性解决。     

A Commentary on David Drucker's “Ask a Silly Question,Get a Silly Answer

ABSTRACT

This commentary views Drucker's paper as an example of practitioner research aimed both at developing a stronger evidence base for the profession, and promoting a form of thinking useful to Western social work practice. Links are also drawn between the ideas expressed in “Ask a Silly Question” and participatory social work in several non-Western parts of the world.     

An Exploratory Study on Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities Among U.S. and Japanese Social Work Students

ABSTRACT

This exploratory study was conducted to understand and compare attitudes among social work students in the United States and Japan toward people with disabilities. The Modified Issues in Disabilities Scale (MIDS), designed to measure attitudes toward people with physical disabilities, was implemented on convenient samples of 92 U.S. and 73 Japanese social work students. The findings suggest that social work students in both countries hold moderately positive attitudes. Other similarities as well as differences among the sampled students from the two countries, and their implications to social work education, will be discussed in this paper.     

日语敬语新规文件的趣旨

现代日语敬语是表达敬意的一种语言手段，表现新型上下关系中相互尊重的民主理想。这种新的理念是在绝对敬语向相对敬语转变完成后提出来的，调和了敬意表达和关系认知两种观点的矛盾。日本政府以官方文件形式肯定敬语的五分类，适应了国内外敬语教学新形势的要求。我国的日语敬语教学应积极反映这些变化，在教材和教学法上采取新的对策。     

海外中国社会思想研究——中国社会思想的一个解释框架

中国社会思想研究历来可以分为两条路径,其一是中国学者长期以来的对自身的关注和内部的理论自觉,这方面的研究相当众多;第二条路径是海外的中国社会思想研究,即从置身于中国社会思想的外部来建构中国的社会思想结构,两条研究路径互相补充。该文试图论述海外的中国社会思想研究学术轨迹特征,特别是将海外中国社会思想研究置于宏大的社会理论框架分析与日常生活话语中去,尝试发现一种新的解释框架。     

萨特与新时期文学中“人”的发现与重构

作为20世纪80年代在中国最具影响的当代西方文化思潮之一,萨特存在主义哲学首先启迪和深化了70年代末以来文学表现人生和自我的发展情状,特别是促进了"先锋派"文学"自我"表现的转型;其次,从上世纪80年代末至90年代,标榜"新写实"、"新生代"和"晚生代"的一批作家先后登上文坛,他们的创作在一定程度上体现了萨特话语的中国转化.由于时代氛围和社会生活环境的差异,80、90年代作家对萨特存在主义话语的文学解读和叙述方式有着很大不同,这意味着在萨特影响下中国新时期文学中"人"的观念已经走向重构.     

教学研究范式的后现代转换

现代教学研究范式的基础主义和一元性等弊端日益凸现,强调多元理解并致力于实践问题的解决,是后现代主义的追求.教学研究范式的后现代转换,推动着从教学研究一元到多元的转换,这一转换使研究者由外在走向内在,由裁定走向参与,由宣示走向对话,行动研究成为普遍采用的方式.     

Risk Perception in a Developing Country: The Case of Chile

In this work we characterize risk perception in Chile, based on the psychometric paradigm, exploring the difference between perceived social and personal risk. For this purpose, we conducted a survey including 54 hazards, 16 risk attributes, and 3 risk constructs. The survey, divided into four parts, was administered to 508 residents of Santiago, Chile. Using factor analysis, three main factors, which accounted for 80% of the sample's variance, were identified: factor 1, commonly called "Dread Risk" in the literature, explained 37% of variance; factor 2, "Unknown Risk," explained 28%; and factor 3, which we called "Personal Effect," explained 15% of the variance. On average, individuals perceived themselves as less exposed to risk and with more control and knowledge about them than the general population. OLS regression models were used to test the association of perceived risk with the three main factors. For social risk, factor 1 had the greatest explanatory power, while factor 2 had a negative sign. For personal risk, only factors 2 and 3 were significant, with factor 3 having the greatest explanatory power. Risk denial (defined as the difference between perceived personal and social risk) was associated with factors 1 and 2 only, with factor 2 having a negative sign. The difference between desired and actual regulation levels proved positive for all hazards, thus indicating that Chileans are dissatisfied with the current regulation level for all the hazards analyzed. The comparison of data at the aggregate and at the individual subject's level suggests that while the aggregate analysis overestimates the magnitude of the correlations it still reflects the tendency of the individual responses.     

论社会网络分析的结构观

社会网络分析近年来在社会学、政治学等学科中受到了广泛的关注。它有时又被称为"结构分析",但这两者之间有何内在联系?社会网络分析的基本属性是什么?目前关于社会网络分析实际上还存在不同的认识,有些人把它看作仅仅是一种分析技术;有些人则把它看作是一种新的社会结构观点;有的人把它看作只是一种隐喻;而有的人则把它看作是有实质内容的理论。这些不同认识的探讨,对于更准确地把握和应用社会网络分析,具有推动作用。