Unleashing and Combining the Wisdom: Rapid,Whole-Systems Change in Public Organizations

This article describes an approach called Whole-Scale Change, a large group process that appears to have helped others achieve dramatic, sustainable results in their organization or communities. It describes the possibilities for applying the predictable processes and the critical elements of Whole-Scale Change to achieve rapid, whole-system solutions in todays complex environment of public organizations.     

当前我国教育心理学发展中的问题透视

当前我国教育心理学发展中的主要问题有 :内容体系缺乏系统性和整体性 ;研究方法和手段缺乏创新 ;理论与实际相结合的程度不高 ;研究缺乏足够的中国化。解决教育心理学现存问题的途径主要是 :用整体的观点研究教育心理现象 ;建立内容体系的基本“范式” ;创建适用于学科研究的新方法 ;建立理论和应用两个层面的教育心理学 ;加强研究的应用性 ;逐步建立具有中国特色的理论体系。     

试论课程的文化学基础

文化学作为课程的基础学科 ,可给课程研究提供文化学范式 ,其基本原理、基本范畴可为构建课程理论提供基本依据、基本范型。在西方 ,2 0世纪 70年代产生了文化课程理论 ,在我国课程基础的研究中 ,至今尚未明确文化学的学科地位 ,这与课程的文化本质极不相称     

生态批评视阈下的《李尔王》

《李尔王》中“自然”是该文本中的关键词,以生态批评方法解读文本中两种自然观,揭示文艺复兴时期由于自然哲学范式的转移,造成自然被进一步边缘化。文章通过分析文本中的主导意象荒野和隐含其间的西方两种原型意象,揭示荒野被文化符号化而自身并无价值的实质。     

A snapshot in time: Family policy and the United Nations International Year of the Family

Some of the special agendas and initiatives of the International Year of the Family (IYF), sponsored by the United Nations, are highlighted. After reviewing the history and structure of IYF, findings concerning salient areas and topics for nationally based policy and programs are presented. These findings are derived from a content analysis of materials assembled from 136 UN Member States, as well as analysis of other documents and discussions with the IYF Secretariat. The saliency of concerns is also presented by grouping countries according to their level of human suffering. Familycentric policy considerations are discussed, and implications are cited for universities, policy makers, and practitioners.     

Public Perceptions of Everyday Food Hazards: A Psychometric Study

In this paper, we discuss the conduct and results of a study aimed at eliciting public perceptions of food-related hazards. This study employs the psychometric approach of Paul Slovic and colleagues and aims to extend the recent work of Sparks and Shepherd⁽¹⁾ on defining the primary dimensions of food-related risk perceptions. The study surveyed a nationally representative sample of the general public (respondents = 293; adjusted response rate = 30.1%). Respondents provided ratings on subsets of 22 potential food hazards (e.g., food irradiation and presence of listeria) on a total of 19 risk characteristics (e.g., "perceived severity of risk" and "adequacy of governmental regulations"). In spite of the use of a number of new characteristics and food hazards, Principal Components Analysis revealed a broadly similar factor structure to that obtained by Sparks and Shepherd,⁽¹⁾ suggesting the generalizability of the key dimensions (concerning the severity and awareness of hazards). Interestingly, the positioning in the factor space of potential hazards about which little was generally known (e.g., campylobacter) as being serious and in need of regulation, may suggest a possible "starting position" in the perception of new hazards that have not previously been the subject of risk communications.     

Drug abuse, paradigms and social work

Two different treatment practices for the inpatient treatment of drug abusers are described: the pedagogical and the therapeutic. The treatment practices are analyzed from the perspective of sociological theories of human action and from a cultural perspective. The control of the client is of crucial importance but it is exercised in different ways. In the pedagogical treatment practice, the control is manifested in the development of social skills and internalization of conventional roles and norms. In the therapeutic practice, the client's emotions and awareness of ontological facts as freedom and responsibility are objects of control.     

The NAS Risk Paradigm as a Medium for Communication

Many journalists, public interest groups and other recipients of risk assessment information are familiar with the National Academy of Sciences risk assessment paradigm. From time to time, paradigm concepts appear in news features or community group discussions on environmental issues. With knowledge of the paradigm common to scientists, journalists, and other interested parties, the paradigm is a potentially important medium for communication between risk scientists, journalists, and the public. Specifically, the paradigm offers widely-accepted organizing principles for presenting risk information, a common language for addressing a variety of issues and concepts, and a flexible analytical system that accommodates the diversity of scientific information and policy perspectives that characterize the risk assessment process. In addition, the paradigm outlines important relationships and distinctions between risk assessment and risk management. Informed and creative use of these features of the paradigm can guide and simplify interviews between journalists or community groups and their expert sources, clarify presentation of risk information, and promote collaboration between risk scientists, journalists, and others to assure complete, objective and fair comment on risk issues of interest to the public.     

一种基于证据理论的动态综合效绩评价实用方法

本文针对一体化管理体系综合绩效的多指标、多层次、评价标准模糊,且属性复杂等评价特点,建立了综合绩效评价体系;提出了基于证据理论的动态综合模糊评价方法;给出了具体的评价步骤;按指标属性将评价指标区分为定性和定量两类:对各指标进行量化、一致性和无量纲化处理;从评价体系准则层开始进行动态立体综合评价;逐层合成综合绩效值.最后通过实例说明该方法的实用性和科学性.     

心理传记学研究综述

随着人文社会科学的发展,研究范式也日益转变,心理传记学作为一种研究范式已受到大多数学者的关注。探讨心理传记学的概念、国内外的历史发展、研究方法、研究现状及前人研究的不足与展望等,发现在研究过程中创建新理论才是关键。在未来的研究中,应该让心理传记学走向大众,走向生活世界。