公益诉讼的程序难局

分析公益诉讼的败诉现象,可将其归于观念和法律制度原因,这两个原因使公民无法成为公益诉讼的原告。本文提出应针对不同类别的公益诉讼分别适用民事诉讼和行政诉讼程序,并在行政诉讼程序中将公益诉讼的原告资格同时赋予公民和检察机关。     

外国和中国香港反贪污贿赂的特殊证据规则

外国和中国香港反贪污贿赂通常适用三个特殊证据规则 :一是证据排除规则 ,主要有坦白保护规则和习惯排除规则两个方面 ,前者包括坦白免予起诉规则、坦白不得采证规则两项内容 ,后者包括合理排除规则、公务行为除外规则和完全排除规则三项内容。二是证据推定规则 ,其适用的前提是必须已证明一方行贿或受贿 ,并允许被告人反证 ,同时对案件性质、范围以及贿赂数额又有一定的限制。三是举证责任倒置规则 ,包括证明的主体、对象、要求和效力 4个方面     

"乡约"不等于"乡规民约"

长期以来,学者们在研究中经常将“乡约”与“乡规民约”不加区别地混为一谈。事实上,“乡规民约”是基层社会组织的社会成员共同制定出来供大家共同遵守的一种社会行为规范,而“乡约”是乡村社会中以社会教化为主要目的的一种民间基层组织形式,二者的内涵并不相同,其历史发展也遵循着不同的路径。将“乡约”等同于“乡规民约”的研究方法既违背了历史事实,也混淆了两种不同性质的社会文化现象。     

辽宁老工业基地“新失业群体”的社会生存状况研究——基于社会排斥的分析视角

辽宁老工业基地“新失业群体”的社会生存状况与自身的先赋资本、人力资本及社会资本确实有密切关系,这些因素导致了其在就业中遭受一定的社会排斥。“新失业群体”的父辈由于本身的失业下岗而沦为社会的弱势群体,而且由于辽宁老工业基地特殊的体制转轨境地,使之遭受到社会和家庭的双重挤压。     

产品设计的符号学解构

设计具有复杂性,它既不是科学也不是艺术。用符号学的方法来解析设计,产品设计的实质就是以实用功能为核心的文化价值传达,同时也包括审美功能;设计的目的是将造型语言所包含的文化价值如实地传达给消费者;为此,造型设计必须符合其符号学规则,包括语构学规则、语义学规则和语用学规则,规则的复杂性决定设计的复杂性,所以,对这些规则的研究是产品设计体系的基础。     

WTO规则与中国食品安全保障

食品是人们生活最基本的必需品 ,食品安全是关系国计民生的大问题。农产品和食品的质量安全问题 ,不仅困扰着国内消费市场的健康发展 ,而且严重地制约着我国食品的出口贸易。在中国加入WTO的情况下 ,必须构建中国食品质量安全的新理念 ,尽快使我国食品安全标准与国际食品安全标准相适应。食品行业的标准必须采纳国际标准 ,对食品工业必须实行强制性产品认证制度 ,对进出口食品必须实行严格的检测检疫措施 ,对生产、销售有毒食品致人损害的必须依法严惩     

法律的经济分析:历史唯物主义法律观的生成逻辑及现实启示

马克思通过对法律进行经济分析 ,寻找到了启开法律奥秘之门的钥匙 ,创造性地形成了经济基础决定法律上层建筑的历史唯物主义法律观。回溯马克思当年探求真理的艰辛历程 ,剖析这位探索者的探索道路 ,对于准确把握历史唯物主义法律观的精要 ,并指导我们今天市场经济和知识经济条件下的法治建设 ,具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

Unemployment and Fatherhood: Gender,Culture and National Context

Hegemonic representations of masculinity and dominant images of fatherhood have usually been linked to the domain of work. This article explores the experiences of men under the hardship of unemployment and the impact of these experiences on the construction of their gender identities, specifically on the construction of their fatherhood identity. In addition, the article examines how culture and national context affect the interrelationship between unemployment and fatherhood. Drawing on a post‐structural constructivist theoretical perspective, the article describes a qualitative study of low‐income unemployed Palestinian fathers in Israel. The study examines three areas of interest: perceptions of fatherhood, the experience of unemployment and the impact of unemployment on the construction of fatherhood. On the theoretical level, the article proposes a conceptualization of the relationship between unemployment and fatherhood. It argues that in order to generalize the impact of unemployment on fatherhood, we must first examine the context in which gendered and cultural perceptions of fatherhood are embedded. On a policy level, the article offers some recommendations for developing more contextualized, gender‐ and cultural‐sensitive policies for unemployed fathers.     

Intergenerational Mobility Modes and Changes in Social Class in Contemporary China

Using data from three China General Social Surveys, this paper analyzes changes in the basic situation of intergenerational mobility among social classes in China over the past 60 years. General social mobility was found to have increased, but social openness tended to show a wave-like pattern of change. Despite this, intergenerational inheritance was the main form of intergenerational mobility in every period. With the transformation of the socioeconomic system, the main mechanism of social exclusion changed from “systemic exclusion” to “market exclusion,” leading to changes in the structure of social opportunity. As a result, the form taken by intergenerational mobility varied significantly. This is chiefly evident in the gradual decline in the dominance of intergenerational inheritance among particular strata, with cross-class cyclical mobility becoming more difficult. On the one hand, changes in the social exclusion mechanism may increase social openness, making society more dynamic and strengthening social legitimacy. On the other hand, as the dominant class learns how to use market exclusion to achieve class reproduction, class solidification may still be possible in a future Chinese society.