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991.
992.
In recent years, two new theoretical perspectives on poverty in modern welfare societies have emerged: the perspective of ‘cumulative disadvantage’ and poverty individualisation. Both perspectives challenge traditional class-based poverty definitions. This article notes certain limitations that pertain to the relatively few empirical tests that have been performed to support these theories. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate that the results obtained depend largely on the type of poverty definition applied (income or deprivation), the actual data used (national or comparative) and the extent to which these data represent an observation period that is long enough to provide a reliable basis for testing the theories in question. The article concludes that because only few Danes experience long-term poverty and social exclusion, the combination of class and individual biography is important. In other words, structural conditions and, to a lesser degree, group risks drive individuals to the social margin. 相似文献
993.
AbstractThe performance of attributes control charts is usually evaluated under the assumption of known process parameters (i.e., the nominal proportion of non conforming units or the nominal average number of nonconformities). However, in practice, these process parameters are rarely known and have to be estimated from an in-control Phase I data set. The major contributions of this paper are (a) the derivation of the run length properties of the Run Rules Phase II c and np charts with estimated parameters, particularly focusing on the ARL, SDRL, and 0.05, 0.5, and 0.95 quantiles of the run length distribution; (b) the investigation of the number m of Phase I samples that is needed by these charts in order to obtain similar in-control ARLs to the known parameters case; and (c) the proposition of new specific chart parameters that allow these charts to have approximately the same in-control ARLs as the ones obtained in the known parameters case. 相似文献
994.
This paper proposes an integrated novel framework between B2B-SCM using data mining techniques such as K-Means based on particle swarm intelligence (particle swarm optimisation) and association rule. It constructs relationship rules of holistic performance enhancement road map. The data-set of relationships between enterprise and its direct customers of the case study organisations in France was used for demonstration. The experiment results show how domain managers powerfully utilise the graphical analysis results to provide the holistic performance improvement and weakness resolution relationship rules. In the long run, organisations are able to use this framework to design and adjust their units to conform the exact customer needs. This paper introduces and explains a new idea of measuring value added along the supply chain from a collaborative perspective. The extended model is adapted from our previous model and from balanced scorecard model. It provides a tool to measure tangible and intangible value between partners. 相似文献
995.
This paper reports the results of a study of the use of heterogeneous dispatching rules for the scheduling of work in a job shop. The methodology employed included discrete event simulation, using rule combinations determined by prior genetic algorithm searches and generalization using neural networks. Eight dispatching rules were considered, including first in first out (FIFO), earliest due date ( EDD), shortest processing time (SPT), slack/ number of operations (SLK), critical ratio (CR), modified due date (MDD), modified operation due date (MOD), and apparent tardiness cost (ATC). A three-machine job shop was studied, in which three work organizations were employed, pure flow (fixed sequence), pure job shop ( random sequence), and a hybrid shop where flow is random but with unequal probabilities. Three levels of machine loading were used and average tardiness was used as the performance measure. In most cases, modified due date and apparent tardiness cost were the best rules. The application of the best rules effected the results primarily when applied to bottleneck machines or the first machine in a pure flow shop. Nearly any other rule was acceptable on non-botdeneck machines except FIFO and CR, which consistently perform poorly. No major advantage of mixing rules was found. 相似文献
996.
《Journal of Organizational Behavior Management》2013,33(2):71-79
The present study examined the effectiveness of a punishment procedure for controlling staff absenteeism in a facility for mentally retarded persons. Subjects were required to report sick leave absences and related information directly to their supervisor. The supervisor then provided subjects with information concerning the effects of the absence on facility operations. Results indicated a reduction in sick leave absenteeism following the implementation of the punishment procedure. Results also showed that vacation leave absenteeism increased systematically with reductions in sick leave absenteeism. Results were discussed in terms of employee-controlled (sick leave) vs. employer-controlled (vacation leave) absenteeism, and the ease and economy of the punishment procedure. 相似文献
997.
世界跆拳道联合会第十五次全体代表大会通过了关于修改竞赛规则的提案,使竞赛新规则将跆拳道运动发展定位在“鼓励击头,鼓励主动进攻,鼓励连续击打”十六个字上。新规则不仅使比赛更加激烈,也给予了运动员更多的机会,展现了跆拳道比赛的精彩场面;从而使比赛的观赏性有了质的飞跃。本文从新规则对跆拳道运动员、技战术及裁判员方面的影响进行了调查与分析,调查结果表明,新的竞赛规则已经被大家所接受,但仍有些疑义尚需明确。 相似文献
998.
性骚扰对妇女人身权的侵害及法律规制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
追究性骚扰者民事责任在中国属于新颖的研究课题.本文试图通过对性骚扰概念界定以及特征的比较,研究性骚扰究竟侵犯公民的哪种权利,分析在认定性骚扰时适用哪些证据规则,并且比较了当今中外关于性骚扰立法规制,重点阐述了我国今后惩治性骚扰应当采取哪些有效法律对策. 相似文献
999.
Chris Brooks Melvin J. Hinich 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2006,55(2):241-259
Summary. Many recent papers have documented periodicities in returns, return volatility, bid–ask spreads and trading volume, in both equity and foreign exchange markets. We propose and employ a new test for detecting subtle periodicities in time series data based on a signal coherence function. The technique is applied to a set of seven half-hourly exchange rate series. Overall, we find the signal coherence to be maximal at the 8-h and 12-h frequencies. Retaining only the most coherent frequencies for each series, we implement a trading rule that is based on these observed periodicities. Our results demonstrate in all cases except one that, in gross terms, the rules can generate returns that are considerably greater than those of a buy-and-hold strategy, although they cannot retain their profitability net of transactions costs. We conjecture that this methodology could constitute an important tool for financial market researchers which will enable them to detect, quantify and rank the various periodic components in financial data better. 相似文献
1000.
王世凯 《渤海大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,28(6):39-42
语言规划研究是一种战略研究。网络语体风格的规范问题是语言规划必不可少的部分,但却是一个很少有人触及的领域。网络语体风格的表现是进行网络语体风格规范的基础,在此基础上,主要讨论网络语体风格软规范和硬规范的基础、理据和基本策略问题。并认为,语言的规范都应该分成两个部分,即软规范和硬规范。 相似文献