对当代文艺中“崇高”的反思:失落与重建

崇高在艺术领域中历来都是一种重要的审美形态,但在当代由于种种原因崇高遭受了被冷落的境遇.崇高的实质是人的心灵超越,它既是人性发展的自然需要,也是人性走向最终的自由与完善的必需元素,是人永远不可缺少的精神一维.当代艺术应该走出"躲避崇高"和"虚"与"伪"崇高的误区,重塑当代的崇高美,使崇高的精神深入人心,为推动人类的文明进程继续发挥积极作用.     

Multiobjective Decision-Tree Analysis1

Single-objective-based decision-tree analysis has been extensively and successfully used in numerous decision-making problems since its formal introduction by Howard Raiffa more than two decades ago. This paper extends the traditional methodology to incorporate multiple noncommensurate objective functions and use of the conditional expected value of the risk of extreme and catastrophic events. The proposed methodology considers the cases where (a) a finite number of actions are available at each decision node and (b) discrete or continuous states of nature can be presented at each chance node. The proposed extension of decision-tree analysis is introduced through an example problem that leads the reader step-by-step into the methodological procedure. The example problem builds on flood warning systems. Two noncommensurate objectives—the loss of lives and the loss of property (including monetary costs of the flood warning system)–are incorporated into the decision tree. In addition, two risk measures—the common expected value and the conditional expected value of extreme and catastrophic events—are quantified and are also incorporated into the decision-making process. Theoretical difficulties associated with the stage-wise calculation of conditional expected values are identified and certain simplifying assumptions are made for computational tractibility. In particular, it is revealed that decisions concerning experimentation have a very interesting impact on the noninferior solution set of options—a phenomenon that has no equivalence in the single-objective case.     

SOME SECOND ORDER ASYMPTOTICS IN EXPONENTIAL FAMILY NON-LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS (A GEOMETRIC APPROACH)

The differential geometric framework of Amari (1982a, 1985) is applied to the study of some second order asymptotics related to the curvatures for exponential family nonlinear regression models, in which the observations are independent but not necessarily identically distributed. This paper presents a set of reasonable regularity conditions which are needed to study asymptotics from a geometric point of view in regression models. A new stochastic expansion of a first order efficient estimator is derived and used to study several asymptotic problems related to Fisher information in terms of curvatures. The bias and the covariance of the first order efficient estimator are also calculated according to the expansion.     

Iterated full partitions

Algebraic calculations that depend upon a full partition can be automated through the use of an operator P for the derivation of such a partition. Calculations that require the repeated use of P are automated by simply iterating the operator. The resulting output is general and contains sufficient structure to identify the result of a calculation for a variety of settings.     

我国当前教育诚信缺失的原因与对策分析

从陕西洋县高考替考事件谈起,列举了目前教育诚信缺失在学生、教师、教育部门和学校的不同表现,分析了诚信缺失的可能原因,并提出了营造诚信大环境、提高教师诚信素养、加强学生道德教育、建立教师和学生诚信信用体系等对策。     

论六朝启文的骈化及其艺术得失

在六朝的诸种文体之中，启文的骈化较晚，到刘宋时期才出现骈体之作。这一时期，启文也开始产生新变，出现了谢物小启。尤其到了梁代，谢物小启呈雨后春笋之势，不论是在数量上，还是在艺术成就上，都远远超过了用兼表奏的启文，并成为六朝后期四六化色彩很强的一种文体。     

少数民族传统文化中现代价值的认识和继承——以神话传说中的生态思想为例

研究和发掘少数民族传统文化中的现代价值,不仅有利于唤起人们对保护民族地区文化生态重要性的认识,而且也是更好地继承和发展少数民族传统文化的需要。文章以少数民族神话传说中蕴含的生态思想为例,指出在少数民族传统文化流失和变异不断加剧的背景下,对其现代价值的研究,既要重视文献资料的发掘,也不能忽视田野调查的结论,只有将两者结合起来,才能得出更为切合实际的结论。     

The value of information in anticipated utility theory

A well-known property of expected utility theory is that the value of information is nonnegative. Given the widespread dissatisfaction with the expected utility hypothesis, a natural question to ask is whether competing theories of choice preserve this property. This article considers one widely discussed alternative to expected utility, anticipated utility theory. We show that, like expected utility, the anticipated value of perfect information is always nonnegative. The value of imperfect information, however, may be negative, though the precise valuation of information depends upon whether the reduction of compound lotteries axiom is used to derive the anticipated utility functional.I am indebted to Edi Karni, Peter Wakker, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. They are of course in no way responsible for errors or obscurities in the present version.     

深井水平井水平段水力延伸能力评价与分析

对影响水平井水平段延伸能力的因素进行了分析,然后根据钻井液流体力学理论,建立了水平井循环压耗计算模型,分别对水平井总循环压耗和水平段环空压耗进行计算,进而求出了水平井水平段极限延伸长度值;对钻井液密度、钻井泵额定压力、岩屑床高度和钻井液排量对水平段水力延伸能力的影响进行了分析。研究表明,水平段水力延伸能力受钻井液密度、钻井泵额定压力、岩屑床高度和钻井液排量等多个因素共同影响。为了提高深井水平井的延伸能力,应使用较低密度的钻井液;尽量保持较低的岩屑床高度;钻井液排量应尽量小。同时还认识到,深井水平井水力延伸能力主要受到钻井泵额定压力的制约。研发高额定压力的钻井泵,是提高深井水平井水力延伸能力的主要措施。