Slice sampling for simulation based fitting of spatial data models

An auxiliary variable method based on a slice sampler is shown to provide an attractive simulation-based model fitting strategy for fitting Bayesian models under proper priors. Though broadly applicable, we illustrate in the context of fitting spatial models for geo-referenced or point source data. Spatial modeling within a Bayesian framework offers inferential advantages and the slice sampler provides an algorithm which is essentially off the shelf. Further potential advantages over importance sampling approaches and Metropolis approaches are noted and illustrative examples are supplied.     

进口对中国经济增长驱动作用的实证分析

文章通过理论与实证分析阐述了进口对中国经济增长的驱动作用。理论上主要从当前的国际环境及中国的国情两方面论述了适当增加进口的必要性和可行性。实证上则是利用动态分布滞后(ADL)模型对进口与GDP关系进行协整分析并通过建立误差修正模型(ECM)进一步说明进口对中国经济增长的促进作用。最后根据以上分析提出建议:中国应适当增加进口以解决当前存在的贸易问题。     

International Business Cycle Asymmetry and Time Irreversible Nonlinearities

Using tests of time reversibility, this paper provides further statistical evidence on the long-standing conjecture in economics concerning the potentially asymmetric behaviour of output over the expansionary and contractionary phases of the business cycle. A particular advantage of this approach is that it provides a discriminating test that is instructive as to whether any asymmetries detected are due to asymmetric shocks to a linear model, or an underlying non-linear model with symmetric shocks, and in the latter case is informative as to the potential form of that nonlinear model. Using a long span of international per capita output growth data, the asymmetry detected is overwhelmingly consistent with the long standing perception that the output business cycle is characterized by steeper recessions and longer more gentle expansions, but the evidence for this form of business cycle asymmetry is weaker in the data adjusted for the influence of outliers associated with wars and other extreme events. Statistically significant time irreversibility is reported for the output growth rates of almost all of the countries considered in the full sample data, and there is evidence that this time irreversibility is of a form implying an underlying nonlinear model with symmetrically distributed innovations for 15 of the 22 countries considered. However, the time irreversibility test results for the outlier-trimmed full sample data reveal significant time irreversibility in output growth for around one half of the countries considered, predominantly in Northern Europe and North America, and of a form implying a nonlinear underlying model in only a further half of those cases.     

Higher order moments of order statistics from INID symmetric random variables

In this paper we present analogues of Balakrishnan's (1989) relations that relate the triple and quadruple moments of order statistics from independent and nonidentically distributed (I.NI.D.) random variables from a symmetric distribution to those of the folded distribution. We then apply these results, along with the corresponding recurrence relations for the exponential distribution derived recently by Childs (2003), to study the robustness of the Winsorized variance.     

The assessment of tumour response to treatment

Summary.  A parsimonious model for treated tumours is developed as a continuation of our previous work on regrowth curve theory. The statistical model belongs to the family of marginal non-linear models since the only linear parameters of the model are tumour specific and random facilitating parameter estimation. An important feature of the model is that it enables the estimation of the fraction of cancer cells surviving the treatment in vivo having easy-to-obtain longitudinal measurements of tumour volume. We compare several methods of estimation, including Lindstrom–Bates, iterated reweighted least squares and maximum likelihood. The last two methods are computed via the total estimating equations approach and variance least squares. The theory is illustrated with a photodynamic tumour therapy example.     

五点“希望”是大学生成长的方向

理想远大和热爱祖国、追求真理和勇于创新、德才兼备和全面发展、视野开阔和胸怀宽广、知行统一和脚踏实地是 2 1世纪大学生成长的方向。     

外汇占款对我国经济增长的影响--基于货币政策传导机制的VAR实证分析

文章通过对1994-2011年外汇占款的情况进行定性和定量分析,采用向量自回归模型,进行脉冲响应分析和方差分解。得出结论：外汇占款对我国基础货币、货币供应量和信贷总量都有扩张的影响,在间接融资依旧是当前我国企业融资的主要方式的情况下,外汇占款可以通过影响基础货币的投放来影响货币供应量和信贷总量,最终促进国内生产总值的上升。同时,由于外汇占款在基础货币中的比重不断上升,将削弱中央银行通过公开市场操作来回收流通中不断上升的货币的作用,由此会引起外部经济中资本账户和经常项目的“双顺差”给国内货币政策带来的巨大影响,对中央银行的货币政策效果产生重大影响。     

基于社会责任视角的财务分析典型案例研究——以沪深A股家电上市企业为例

国内目前普遍存在着会计环境不规范及会计信息不真实等现象,不少学者指出现行的财务分析体系应该考虑非财务信息。文章在帕利普财务分析体系基础上,基于社会责任视角对现有体系做了进一步完善,以沪深A股家电上市企业为例,从比较分析和因素分析两个角度分析家电行业企业的财务状况、社会责任履行情况以及两者之间的关系。研究结果表明：改进的帕利普体系能更有效合理地评价企业经营业绩的可持续增长。     

山西省区域经济差距变动趋势与原因探析——基于1978年-2009年山西省数据的实证分析

长期以来,山西省的区域经济差距显著。δ收敛检验表明,整体上看,1978年到2009年间山西省的区域经济差距呈现“趋异一趋同”的变化过程。然而,β收敛检验表明,在此期间山西省区域经济并没有发生绝对或相对β收敛。基于资本产出比分解法的增长核算分析表明,资本产出弹性是影响山西区域经济差距的重要因素。要素投入对地区差距的影响逐渐下降,而全要素生产率的影响逐渐上升。2003年到2009年,要素投入实际上是缩小区域差距的力量,山西省的区域差距完全来自于全要素生产率。山西省要继续缩小区域差距,必须从提高低收入地区的全要素生产率着手。     

论经济增长速度和经济效益

经济增长速度和经济效益是两个不同但又相互密切联系的概念。经济增长是长、短两个不同时期的新增产值的对比,而经济效益则涉及不同时期的利润与总成本的对比。在长期中,经济效益是经济保持一定增长速度的基础,因为经济的长期增长取决于利润持续转化为投资,而只有不断改善经济结构、提高技术水平和产品档次,才能有高利润率（高效益）,才能有持续的新增投资,并取得理想的增长速度。但是在短期内,没有速度就一定没有效益,因为成本刚性在短期里难以克服。在剩余劳动力较多的国家,保持一定的经济增长速度也是取得社会效益的前提。中国的国情决定了中国必须在提高技术水平和广泛利用劳动力之间达到有效的协调。