关于外语专业题库建设范式的探讨

本文通过对当前国内外语教育形式的综览 ,指出了外语专业的题库建设已成为当务之急 ,并通过对各种考试形式的分析 ,提出了外语题库建设的具体理论模式———以项目反应理论为基础的计算机自适应测试。文章就有关方面的实施提出了自己的看法。     

Adaptive Management: A Paradigm for Remediation of Public Facilities Following a Terrorist Attack

Terrorist actions are aimed at maximizing harm (health, psychological, economical, and political) through the combined physical impacts of the act and fear. Immediate and effective response to a terrorist act is critical to limit human and environmental harm, effectively restore facility function, and maintain public confidence. Though there have been terrorist attacks in public facilities that we have learned from, overall our experiences in restoration of public facilities following a terrorist attack are limited. Restoration of public facilities following a release of a hazardous material is inherently far more complex than in industrial settings and has many unique technical, economic, social, and political challenges. For example, there may be a great need to quickly restore the facility to full operation and allow public access even though it was not designed for easy or rapid restoration, and critical information is needed for quantitative risk assessment and effective restoration must be anticipated to be incomplete and uncertain. Whereas present planning documents have substantial linearity in their organization, the “adaptive management” paradigm provides a constructive parallel paradigm for restoration of public facilities that anticipates and plans for uncertainty, inefficiencies, and stakeholder participation. Adaptive management grew out of the need to manage and restore natural resources in highly complex and changing environments with limited knowledge about causal relationships and responses to restoration actions. Similarities between natural resource management and restoration of a public facility after a terrorist attack suggest that integration of adaptive management principles explicitly into restoration processes will result in substantially enhanced and flexible responses necessary to meet the uncertainties of potential terrorist attacks.     

Predictive Bayesian Microbial Dose-Response Assessment Based on Suggested Self-Organization in Primary Illness Response: Cryptosporidium parvum

The probability of illness caused by very low doses of pathogens cannot generally be tested due to the numbers of subjects that would be needed, though such assessments of illness dose response are needed to evaluate drinking water standards. A predictive Bayesian dose-response assessment method was proposed previously to assess the unconditional probability of illness from available information and avoid the inconsistencies of confidence-based approaches. However, the method uses knowledge of the conditional dose-response form, and this form is not well established for the illness endpoint. A conditional parametric dose-response function for gastroenteric illness is proposed here based on simple numerical models of self-organized host-pathogen systems and probabilistic arguments. In the models, illnesses terminate when the host evolves by processes of natural selection to a self-organized critical value of wellness. A generalized beta-Poisson illness dose-response form emerges for the population as a whole. Use of this form is demonstrated in a predictive Bayesian dose-response assessment for cryptosporidiosis. Results suggest that a maximum allowable dose of 5.0 x 10(-7) oocysts/exposure (e.g., 2.5 x 10(-7) oocysts/L water) would correspond with the original goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Surface Water Treatment Rule, considering only primary illnesses resulting from Poisson-distributed pathogen counts. This estimate should be revised to account for non-Poisson distributions of Cryptosporidium parvum in drinking water and total response, considering secondary illness propagation in the population.     

而今迈步从头越--写在《云南民族大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)创刊20周年之际

《云南民族大学学报》走过了20年的发展历程。正值20岁生日时,随着学校的更名,学报有了新的名称,赋予了新的意义:一流的大学需要一流的学报。认真总结20年的办刊经验,坚持刊物的特色和品位,以更名为契机,努力开创学报工作的新局面,这是时代赋予我们的使命。     

政治化文学新体制的营构--建国初期丁玲的文学批评与创作

建国初期,为了营构政治化文学新体制,丁玲以较多的批评文字和不多的创作发出了自己作为“小号兵”呐喊助阵的声音。从“文艺为政治服务”的理念和“政治第一”的批评标准出发,她在批评实践中对文学作品的主题、题材问题、作家“改造思想”问题以及形式问题给予了高度关注。同时,她还以自己的创作显示了新体制的“规范”,间接显露出了“小号兵的声音”。在她的批评和创作中,文学与政治一体化的关系,是贯穿始终的中心和基本线索;建立和显示新体制的规范,是她从事批评和创作的目的。     

带有快速反应策略供应链系统的补偿策略研究

过长的订购提前期往往使得零售商订货决策感到困难. 快速反应策略能使零售商在获 得更多更准确的市场需求信息后,调整订购量而提高收益. 但是快速反应策略并不一定使供应 商的利润也提高. 有文章指出只有低的服务水平才能使两者利润同时提高,因而这种方法在工 业应用中是不一定可行的. 补偿策略是一种广泛应用的方法,能够提高产品的客户服务水平, 因而研究了补偿策略在快速反应供应链系统中的作用. 在某些条件下,在快速反应供应链系统 中,补偿策略能使零售商与供应商一方的收益不变或者提高,另一方的收益有所提高,即Pare2 to 提高. 还研究了引进补偿策略后,供应链系统的最优解及期望卖出量、期望缺货量和期望残 余量的变化情况.     

短文听写在大班英语课堂中的运用

听写是英语教学中的一种有用的教学技巧,本文从短文听写在大班课堂上的具体运用表明：听写融合了听,写,说三方面的基本技能的结合且能有效解决英语大班英语教学中学生的听、说、写三方面的基本困难。     

辽宁装备制造业利润波动性的协整VEC模型分析

通过建立VAR模型,运用脉冲响应函数和预测方差分解的方法对辽宁省装备制造业利润增长的波动情况进行实证分析。研究结论：无论长期还是短期出口对辽宁装备制造业利润的贡献都不大,辽宁装备制造业发展与出口导向型经济增长假说不相符,而与经济增长导致出口扩张假说（GLE）相符。表明振兴辽宁装备制造业不能仅依靠出口,关键在于产品技术和组织形式的创新。     

基于二层规划的供应链多阶响应周期决策模型

优化和缩短供应链多阶响应周期是供应链快速响应市场需求、缩短产品上市周期的有效途径,也是供应链管理总体目标之一.全文首先阐明了供应链多阶响应周期的概念,以核心企业作为协调中心,建立了供应链整体计划决策机制,并运用二层规划方法对供应链多阶响应周期进行了建模研究.最后用实际调研的数据作为一个算例对模型进行了数值演算和验证.结果表明,该模型能够协调管理供应链整体利益和节点企业局部利益、合理分配生产时间与物流时间,为供应链优化和缩短多阶响应周期提供了一个有效的决策工具.     

企业与非营利组织社会联盟实施战略分析

依托资源依赖、组织学习、新制度主义等视角,在识别企业与非营利组织社会联盟构成维度和类型的基础上,探索了企业与非营利组织社会联盟实施战略的决策依据和过程,构建“初始条件-治理过程-联盟绩效”的整体研究框架,并识别出可能影响联盟战略实施的情境特征.