环境法“义务重心”的理论证成与立法回应

环境法“义务重心论”是从“法的技术”层面提出的观点,是有别于“法的价值”层面而言的“义务本位论”,既非漠视主体的权利,也非“义务本位论”的回归,而是对环境权利“最给力”的捍卫与落实,其实践意义在于增进法律实效.环境法“义务重心”的客观依据正是自然规律的客观性、人类需要的基础性以及环境问题的特殊性.中国环境法亟需实现从“亡羊补牢式”“倒逼”到“未雨绸缪式 ”“预见”的“义务重心”立法理念匹配以及在合理配置各主体环境义务、扩充环境积极义务的内容、增加环境义务的履行方式以及强化违反环境义务的法律后果等层面进行环境立法“义务重心”的路径拓展,以期通过“义务重心”的环境立法变革增进环境法的实效.     

论食品安全事件中的良性媒体应对

食品安全事件是近年来全球公共安全问题中的热点,由于食品安全的重要性、食品安全事件的公众效应以及基于传媒的属性,媒体常将其作为关注的热点。媒体在食品安全事件中发挥着监测预警、沟通信息、舆论引导等功能,同时也存在关注视角的选择性和职业自律的松懈等不足。作为一种社会公共资源和社会监督力量,基于传媒良知和职业操守,媒体在食品安全事件中必须形成一套良性的应对机制,包括建立信息有效传播机制、建立食品安全事件相关方的沟通协调机制、建立媒体自律机制等。     

Goodness-of-fit tests of generalized linear mixed models for repeated ordinal responses

Categorical longitudinal data are frequently applied in a variety of fields, and are commonly fitted by generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and generalized estimating equations models. The cumulative logit is one of the useful link functions to deal with the problem involving repeated ordinal responses. To check the adequacy of the GLMMs with cumulative logit link function, two goodness-of-fit tests constructed by the unweighted sum of squared model residuals using numerical integration and bootstrap resampling technique are proposed. The empirical type I error rates and powers of the proposed tests are examined by simulation studies. The ordinal longitudinal studies are utilized to illustrate the application of the two proposed tests.     

论《傲慢与偏见》反讽色彩在译本中的欠额翻译

反讽可以达到戏谑、嘲弄及讽刺的效果,使作品生动幽默,富有艺术感染力。反讽在《傲慢与偏见》中塑造了鲜活的人物形象,使作品妙趣横生,令读者百读不厌。因此,成功的译文必须将其完全再现出来。然而,在阅读三个中文译本的过程中发现存在反讽的欠额翻译现象。从语言学角度分析了其原因,并给出了新的翻译建议,指出译者不仅要具备足够的源语文化和语言知识,还必须具有熟练驾驭目标语的能力,才能避免反讽的欠额翻译,达到译语读者和源语读者反应的对等。     

An improved cluster two-stage randomized response model

In this paper, Abdelfatah and Mazloum's (2015) two-stage randomized response model is extended to unequal probability sampling and stratified unequal probability sampling, both with and without replacement. The extended models result in more efficient estimators than Lee et al.'s (2014) estimators of the proportion of the population having a sensitive attribute.     

称赞语应答的语体特征分析

称赞语的应答是常用的交际技巧,但是制约应答方式的因素却有很多,要做到应答得体在一定程度上非常困难。本文通过分析称赞语应答的语体特征的构成、对称赞语回应的影响和作用,从中找出称赞语回应的共同特征和应该遵守的潜规则,指导人们如何在交际中得体回应别人的称赞。     

鲁迅与波德莱尔的话语共鸣

《野草》和《巴黎的忧郁》是鲁迅和波德莱尔的散文诗集,两位伟大的作家选择了相同的文体,运用象征手法,选择特有的意象,表达时代的抑郁和苦闷。由此形成了两者的话语共鸣,体味出新的审美典范。散文诗以其特殊的话语形态表达作者的心理情感及其想像空间,鲁迅与波德莱尔一方面具备写作散文诗的特质,另一方面时代也促成了他们选择这样的话语形态,由此透过两位大作家的文字,我们体味到两者文本之中的话语共鸣——精神的忧郁、心灵的苦闷;同时也体味到世界文学的共鸣。     

物联网在灾害救助物资管理中的应用

救援物资的管理是应急管理中的一项重要工作,物联网的泛在性特别适合用于救援物资的管理。物联网在应急物资管理中的应用可以分为针对静态信息、动态信息的管理,也可以根据不同的应急管理阶段进行划分,在事前准备、事中救助、事后分析等三个阶段发挥作用,以上分析将为物联网技术应用于救灾物资管理提供具体的指导和部署意见。     

Churning races in Canada: Visible minority response change between 2006 and 2011

Why do most people have stable responses to census race questions, while some do not? Using linked Canadian data, we examine personal, social, and economic characteristics that predict response stability as White or as one of six large visible minority groups, versus a change in response to/from White or to/from another visible minority group. Response change rates in Canada are generally comparable to those in the US, UK, and New Zealand. Likely reflecting the centuries-old hegemony of Whites in these countries, White is the most stable response group in Canada as well as the US, UK, and New Zealand. Multiple-race response groups are among the newest and least stable response groups. Social statuses and experiences (mixed ethnic heritage, immigration status, and exposure to own-group members) are generally more predictive of race response stability and change than economic (income level and change in income) or personal statuses (education, age). This highlights the socially-constructed nature of race group boundaries. Joining and leaving a group are often predicted by the same status/characteristic and in the same direction, hinting that the status/characteristic adds complexity to the race-related experiences of constituents.     

Narrative persuasion,identification, attitudes,and trustworthiness in crisis communication

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of narratives in crisis communication. This research assesses how organizations benefit from using stories in their media responses, relative to sharing nonnarrative information. The theory of crisis response narratives (Heath, 2004) holds that ethical narratives are effective because they enhance trustworthiness, attitudes toward the spokesperson, and identification with the spokesperson. Normative crisis communication theory exhorts disclosing truthful information rather than spinning. In an online experiment, participants (N = 365) watched a news interview in which a scandalized company’s spokesperson responded to a journalist’s questions with (a) ethical narratives, (b) unethical (spin) narratives, or (c) nonnarrative information. Multiple mediator modeling assessed identification with the spokesperson, attitudes toward the spokesperson, and perceived trustworthiness of the spokesperson. Results indicate ethical narratives are more effective than unethical narratives. However, nonnarrative information most effectively enhances trustworthiness and bolsters identification.