Target detection from a classical and a Bayesian viewpoint

Two approaches have been used for designing spatial surveys to detect a target. The classical approach controls the probability of missing a target that exists; a Bayesian approach controls the probability that a target exists given that none was seen. In both cases, information about the likely size of the target can reduce sampling requirements. In this paper, previous results are summarized and then used to assess the risk that Roman remains could be present at sites scheduled for development in Greater London.     

一种状态检测防火墙的攻击防御机制

讨论了一种在Linux操作系统内核防火墙的攻击防御机制,提出了检测网络攻击的机制和总体架构。在Linux操作系统防火墙的基础上构建了攻击防御框架,针对不同的攻击模式,该框架提供相应的状态检测方法判定攻击的发生并使攻击不能成功。提出的攻击防御体系具有通用、可扩展的特点,可以有效克服传统包过滤防火墙在抗攻击和入侵检测方面的局限性。结果表明:该攻击防御机制可以显著改善防火墙系统的IP安全性。     

试论加强设计评审的必要性

通过设计评审的具体实施,阐述了设计质量不仅是技术人员的责任,还需要取得企业其他有关人员对设计水平、设计图纸、设计文件等的客观评价、审查和认可达到新产品开发在功能、价格、销售服务及交货期等多方面满足需求.     

基于多Agent的入侵快速响应系统

从分析信息安全的现状入手,设计了一个基于多Agent的快速入侵响应系统CI2D&R。结合该系统的网络部署设计,介绍了该系统两个主要组成部分安全间谍和安全警卫的主要功能,并提出了该系统的分层体系结构,分析了系统的主要组成部件及其相应功能,论述了该系统的数据流和接口设计及解决Agent可靠运行的方法。     

校园伤害事故中的学校民事侵权责任探讨

学校不是未成年学生的监护人,学校和学生之间是一种复合型的教育法律关系。学校对学生伤害后果主要负过错责任,在极其特殊的情况下才承担无过错责任和公平责任。以此为逻辑起点并结合现行法律法规和司法解释,笔者分析了几种典型校园伤害事故中的学校民事责任,并对司法实务中的几个具体问题做了简要探讨。     

Theory & Methods: Incomplete detection in enumeration surveys: Whither distance sampling?

This paper considers the problem of undercount or incomplete detection in enumeration surveys that are intended to estimate population counts or population abundance. The problem is widespread in ecology but also occurs in other surveys: the census undercount is a well-known example of the problem. After framing the problem in a general context, the paper focuses on line transect sampling and the distance sampling method which has been widely applied in surveys of ecological populations. It describes distance sampling data and presents a graphical derivation of the distance sampling estimator. The graphical analysis leads to a new expression for the distance sampling estimator which gives useful insights into the nature of the estimator. The paper discusses the uniformity assumption on which distance sampling depends and describes the properties of the distance sampling estimator when uniformity does not hold. It then explores the relationship between this and other evaluations of distance sampling and mentions briefly some statistical ideas for treating the general incomplete detection problem. The paper concludes with some reflections on general insights arising from the research.     

刑事诉讼中的程序正义与权力法治化

权力法治化在刑事诉讼中的关键是审前程序,其中又以侦查程序中的权力法治化和起诉环节权力法治化为最关键。“程序正义”是现代司法的基本理念,是诉讼制度文明化、人性化的必然要求和重要表现,而程序正义的关键是程序中的权力的正当性,可以说,权力的正当性是程序正义的基础,而权力正当性只能通过法治化来实现。     

When is a curve an outlier? An account of a tricky problem

ABSTRACT The analysis of a set of data consisting of N short (≤20 observations each) multivariate time series, where the observations are irregularly spaced and where observations for the different components of each multivariate series are observed at different times, is discussed. With the increased use of automatic recording devices in many fields, data such as these, which are of course samples from smooth response curves, are becoming more common. In this application, which was a clinical trial comparing two cements for use in hip replacement surgery, the key to the analysis was in recognizing that the interest lay in the degree to which the five curves representing a patient's vital signs deviated from baseline (i.e., normal for that patient) during surgery. This enabled the statisticians to define appropriate response variables. The analysis included Rosseeuw's (1984) technique for the identification of multivariate outliers and logistic regressions to identify any effects on the process producing the outliers due to treatment or covariates.     

基于神经网络方法的系统级故障诊断

在Malek模型下,构造了一个连续Hopfield神经网络来解多处理机系统中最可能的故障处理机集问题,并对此方法进行了仿真。     

前景化理论与翻译研究

本文从风格和意义两个角度分析前景化理论在翻译实践中的运用,着重谈到有些前景化语言的不可译性问题以及如何在翻译实践中辨识前景化语言。旨在为译者提供一种新颖的翻译理论基础,为促进理论与实践具体结合方面起到方法论的作用。