工程训练课程体系的研究与实践

在分析国内外工程实践教学特点和中国工程实践教学现状的基础上,结合中国工程实践教育的特点,提出了工程训练的培养方针、教学定位、教学理念和改革与建设的基本原则.构建并实践了工程训练的新课程体系:一种分层次、分阶段、递进式的教学体系,在每一个阶段覆盖机、电、控技术内容,具有综合性的特点;层次化的、不间断的实践过程又体现了工程实践教学实践性的特点.通过开放性实践教学平台的建设,在教学方法上实现了开放性和个性化的教学思想.在多年的实践教学中,取得了满意的效果.     

跨界融合,全面提升中国传媒的国际传播力

中国传媒在国际传播格局中处于弱势,为了全面提升中国传媒的国际传播力,要制定国家文化发展战略,树立文化传播的主体意识;争夺有效话语权;提升对外翻译的影响力;借鉴国外媒体的经验、现成的国际传播渠道,提高与境外媒体打交道的能力;构建合理的现代传播体系,打造国际一流媒体。     

纳西族东巴文献整理范式检析

“以文学为取向”与“以历史主义为取向”构成了东巴文献整理的主要范式,二者彼此消长,又相互交叉。前者把东巴文献视为与作家文学相对的“民间文学”或“口头文学”,通过去宗教化、去仪式化改造以后成了可以为新时代服务的“大众文学”;“以历史主义为取向”则着重于文献产生、发展演变、衰落消亡等一些历史主义倾向的假设命题,在搜集、翻译、整理过程中以意识形态的观点来代替科学研究。     

The influence of tax authorities on the employment of tax practitioners: Empirical evidence from a survey and interview study

Tax practitioners play a crucial role in the degree of taxpayers’ compliance – a role that has increased as tax systems worldwide have become more complex. However, little is known about tax authorities’ impact on taxpayers’ decisions to employ tax practitioners. Based on earlier research on motivations to employ a tax practitioner and the extended slippery slope framework of tax compliance, we conducted two studies which provide some answers. A survey study – comprising a representative sample of 500 Austrian self-employed taxpayers – revealed that financial gain is not the most important reason to employ a tax practitioner but instead the motivation to avoid problems with the tax authorities. Related to that, we also find that taxpayers’ perception of tax authorities wielding coercive power motivates them to employ tax practitioners. In the interview study with 33 self-employed taxpayers and 30 tax auditors, taxpayers indicated that they sought to avoid contact with tax officers by employing tax practitioners. This finding was supported by tax officers who reported preferring interaction with tax practitioners over direct contact with taxpayers. The two studies point to the complex relationship between taxpayers, tax authorities and tax practitioners, and allow the drawing of theoretical and practical implications.     

描写充分与解释充分之张力：原则与参数框架的理论动因

通过总结Chomsky的＂句法理论中的原则与参数＂一文,回顾原则与参数框架产生的历史背景及其理论动因,梳理原则与参数框架的主要思想及内容,分析原则与参数框架提出的意义、它所面临的挑战及其发展前景。描写充分性与解释充分性之间的张力是原则与参数框架形成的理论动因。在生成语法追求＂超越解释的充分性＂这一更高目标的过程中,我们看到的是继续前进中的原则与参数。     

农民工住房态势及其政策框架

解决农民工住房问题对于我国经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。现阶段,农民工住房供给总体处于政府失灵和市场失灵并存的状态。解决农民工住房问题,应在遵循相应基本原则和总体思路的基础上,建立＂四位一体＂的住房保障体系,规范农民工住房租赁市场,完善农民工住房公积金制度、农民工住房补贴制度、财税支持制度、金融服务制度、土地供应制度和规划保障制度。解决农民工住房问题对于我国经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。现阶段,农民工住房供给总体处于政府失灵和市场失灵并存的状态。解决农民工住房问题,应在遵循相应基本原则和总体思路的基础上,建立＂四位一体＂的住房保障体系,规范农民工住房租赁市场,完善农民工住房公积金制度、农民工住房补贴制度、财税支持制度、金融服务制度、土地供应制度和规划保障制度。     

Social inclusion,exclusion, and well‐being in Australia: meaning and measurement

This paper begins by examining the social inclusion agenda that formed the centrepiece of the social policy agenda of the Australian Government between 2007 and 2013. It discusses several features of the agenda, including its objectives (as articulated by the government) and some of the administrative and bureaucratic mechanisms that were put in place to assist with its development and implementation. Although no formal assessment of the impact of the agenda is attempted, some of the ways in which such an agenda could make a difference are identified. The paper then summarises the social inclusion indicator framework developed by the Australian Social Inclusion Unit with assistance and advice from the Australian Social Inclusion Board, and compares its structure and content with the frameworks developed by two of Australia's leading social research institutes. Finally, data from two national surveys of poverty and social exclusion are used to examine recent changes in social exclusion and the association between the severity of exclusion and levels of subjective well‐being. These latter results show clearly that subjective well‐being is consistently lower among those who experience the greatest degree of social exclusion, suggesting that exclusion as identified and measured reflects external constraints rather than internal preferences.     

泛综合评价信息集成框架求解算法及应用

针对多信息来源、多数据结构的复杂评价问题,对传统评价模式进行拓展并提出了泛综合评价的方法。泛综合评价理论主要为复杂评价信息的整合及求解提供支撑,具体而言主要采用构建信息融合框架的方式对不同类别与结构的多源信息进行整合,并通过随机模拟仿真的方法对信息融合框架的求解算法进行了探讨。由于信息融合框架中包含信息的复杂性增加了框架的求解成本,因而进一步分析了信息集成框架的简化求解算法,并通过算例的方式对信息集成框架简化求解算法的有效性进行了验证。简化求解算法的研究提升了泛综合评价在实际应用中的可操作性。"区域发展绩效的参与式评价"算例的构建,说明泛综合评价的理论为不同利益主体之间的民主决策提供了可能。本文的研究可为大数据背景下群体智慧的挖掘、民主决策的结果分析等实际应用问题提供理论和技术支撑。     

陕西创新指数研究

采用综合指数评价法,对2005—2012年陕西省创新指数进行了初步测算,评价结果显示:陕西创新能力有了显著提高,陕西创新指数和创新环境、产出、成效指数均高于国家同期指数。在创新过程中的科技拨款占财政拨款的比重和R&D经费占GDP比重等指标的评价显示,政府应加大扶持力度,提高地方财政拨款投入。     

社会主义和谐社会的三个层次

构建社会主义和谐社会,必须清楚地认识到社会主义和谐社会是由三个层次方面的内容构成,即和谐社会的知识基础、制度架构和行为。构建社会主义和谐社会要求人们具有与自然界、社会、政府之间关系的知识;要求有民主、法治、确保公平分配的社会制度、资源节约利用的经济制度等;要求有民主政治的事实、和谐的人际关系及人与自然界和平相处。