新吉坪隧道斜井进正洞挑顶施工技术研究

沪昆铁路客运专线新吉坪隧道所处地质条件复杂，区域地质作用剧烈，碳酸岩分布广泛，不良地质特别发育。针对斜井进正洞施工，提出了纵向爬坡导坑法。并以2#斜井为例，介绍了纵向爬坡导坑法施工工艺和斜井进正洞挑顶施工的控制要点，以及在施工过程中的控制量测方法，为新吉坪隧道斜井进正洞挑顶施工提供了技术指导，为类似工程施工提供参考。     

20世纪90年代以来乡土移民小说的苦难叙事

乡土移民小说是指那些“专门关注漂流进城市的广大民工生活的新的文学样式”。乡土移民小说描写的是乡土大地一颗颗执拗朴实的心灵个体或主动或无奈地告别乡土走向城市的不同文化心理和价值观念的冲突、居无定所价值丢失造成的肉身和灵魂的孤独漂泊。这类小说的苦难意识非常突出，并且独具特色。它的出现一方面与社会公众期待视野有关，另一方面从这些移民叙事中看到了久违的现实主义精神，但遗憾的是，很多小说都停留在对农民生存苦难的自然主义的揭示，丧失了人性批判的创作立场，体现了当今消费社会的审美趣味。     

求解作业车间调度问题的一种自适应遗传算法

针对作业车间调度问题,提出了最小化空闲时间的处理过程及其变异算子,设计了一种自适应遗传算法.该算法根据个体的特征确定交叉和变异次数,并根据种群特征不断修正种群.经典的调度基准问题测试表明:自适应措施能够有效保持种群的多样性,可以采用非常小的种群规模;最小化空闲时间的变异算子缩小了算法的搜索空间,大大提高了搜索效率.     

论“科研漂移”对我国大学的负面影响及其对策（上）

“科研漂移”是指科研活动从大学的教学单位和中心课程构架中分离出去的现象。在我国，“科研漂移”主要表现为：高等教育的科技经费投入总量和人均值都低于科研机构和大中型企业；高校之间的科研资源分配向部属大学、重点大学和综合大学集中，很不均衡；大量的发明专利向科研机构和工矿企业转移以及大学内部科研与教学的分离。导致“科研漂移”的主要原因是由前苏联传承而来的科学院与高校相互分离的制度、高等教育的“金字塔”结构和高校内部科研与教学的职能分离。“科研漂移”对大学的负面影响表现为：人文、科学研究的智慧成就不能及时有效地传递到下一代人，降低了高校人才培养的水平，体现不出真正意义上的高等教育。消除“科研漂移”现象的基本对策是：改革现行科学院与普通高校相互分离的制度，重新组合科学院与普通高校之间的关系，科技资源应当依据大学的类别层次进行相对均衡的分配，坚持洪堡大学理念。     

一种改进的遗传算法进化有限状态机

提出了一种改进的遗传算法,针对有限状态机中输出矢量与状态转移相关的特性,将配置有限状态机的染色体分解为状态转移基因和输出矢量基因进行分阶段的进化实验。实验结果表明同传统的进化算法相比,这种分阶段进化的遗传算法降低了有限状态机进化过程中的复杂度,有效地提高了进化性能。     

The likelihood ratio test for homogeneity in finite mixture models

The authors study the asymptotic behaviour of the likelihood ratio statistic for testing homogeneity in the finite mixture models of a general parametric distribution family. They prove that the limiting distribution of this statistic is the squared supremum of a truncated standard Gaussian process. The autocorrelation function of the Gaussian process is explicitly presented. A re‐sampling procedure is recommended to obtain the asymptotic p‐value. Three kernel functions, normal, binomial and Poisson, are used in a simulation study which illustrates the procedure.     

Computing optimal adjustment schemes for the general tool-wear problem

An important problem in process adjustment using feedback is how often to sample the process and when and by how much to apply an adjustment. Minimum cost feedback schemes based on simple, but practically interesting, models for disturbances and dynamics have been discussed in several particular cases. The more general situation in which there may be measurement and adjustment errors, deterministic process drift, and costs of taking an observation, of making an adjustment, and of being off target, is considered in this article. Assuming all these costs to be known, a numerical method to minimize the overall expected cost is presented. This numerical method provides the optimal sampling interval, action limits, and amount of adjustment; and the resulting average adjustment interval, mean squared deviation from target, and minimum overall expected cost. When the costs of taking an observation, of making an adjustment, and of being off target are not known, the method can be used to choose a particular scheme by judging the advantages and disadvantages of alternative options considering the mean squared deviation they produce, the frequency with which they require observations to be made, and the resulting overall length of time between adjustments. Computer codes that perform the required computations are provided in the appendices and applied to find optimal adjustment schemes in three real examples of application.     

基于改进遗传算法的电力系统无功优化

在简单遗传算法的基础上，针对无功优化的动态、多目标、多约柬以及非线性特点，提出了基于简单遗传算法的改进算法．改进遗传算法中采用了个体适应度函数的线性变换、归一化的选择方法，以及定向变异策略的应用．以Ward＆Hale6节点标准测试系统为例对该算法进行了有效性验证．仿真结果表明，该方法对电力系统的无功优化效果良好．     

Affective and Cognitive Factors Influencing Sensitivity to Probabilistic Information

In study 1 different groups of female students were randomly assigned to one of four probabilistic information formats. Five different levels of probability of a genetic disease in an unborn child were presented to participants (within‐subject factor). After the presentation of the probability level, participants were requested to indicate the acceptable level of pain they would tolerate to avoid the disease (in their unborn child), their subjective evaluation of the disease risk, and their subjective evaluation of being worried by this risk. The results of study 1 confirmed the hypothesis that an experience‐based probability format decreases the subjective sense of worry about the disease, thus, presumably, weakening the tendency to overrate the probability of rare events. Study 2 showed that for the emotionally laden stimuli, the experience‐based probability format resulted in higher sensitivity to probability variations than other formats of probabilistic information. These advantages of the experience‐based probability format are interpreted in terms of two systems of information processing: the rational deliberative versus the affective experiential and the principle of stimulus‐response compatibility.     

一种分级超结构换热器网络综合优化方法及其应用

对分级超结构换热器网络模型的温度计算提出了一种通用的精确解方法,同时得到了显式解析解,并以这一解析解为基础,设计了以遗传算法和模拟退火算法为主,结合最速下降法的混合遗传算法,此外还在算法中引进精英策略和结构变异策略.应用实例的计算结果显示了这一混合遗传算法对于换热器网络的参数和结构都具有良好的搜索能力.