论基因技术的专利保护

基因技术的专利保护问题是继数字技术知识产权保护问题之后各国知识产权界所面临的又一个焦点.从基因技术及其商业价值、基因是发明还是发现、基因技术专利保护有没有违背社会伦理道德和公共秩序这几个主要方面考察,应该给予基因技术以专利保护.基因技术保护的客体是基因序列、基因技术方法、转基因生物和生物类物质.但是,给予专利保护的基因技术必须符合新颖性、创造性和实用性的实质条件.     

初始群体飘移遗传算法在混合整数非线性规划中的应用

本文研究了非线性混合整数规划和遗传算法各自的特点,在此基础上,提出了初始群体飘移的思想、构造了一种求解混合整数非线性规划的新的遗传算法——初始群体飘移遗传算法。数值实验表明:该算法对大范围、多峰、非光滑混合整数非线性规划问题(MINLP)有着较好的全局求解能力,在解的质量、稳定性和收敛速度等方面优于一般的演化算法。     

Loss of Agro-Biodiversity, Uncertainty, and Perceived Control: A Comparative Risk Perception Study in Austria and China

The biogeographical centers of origin of important food crops-called Vavilov centers-are considered to be crucial sources of genetic diversity for present and future crop-breeding programs and thus for human food safety worldwide. Global environmental change and more intensified modes of crop production may cause genetic erosion (loss of traditional crop varieties and loss of crop wild relatives), especially in Vavilov centers. The present study focused on how the risk of genetic erosion (or loss of agro-biodiversity) is perceived in comparison to 16 other risk topics by experts and lay people in Austria and China. The most striking result was that genetic erosion was perceived to be an exceptionally unknown and uncertain risk topic, given that only genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were perceived as being even more uncertain. As a consequence of the high uncertainty, the idea of applying the precautionary principle to further prevent genetic erosion is discussed. An unprecedented finding-one that differs from Austrian participants-is that the Chinese have a higher perceived control over all risk topics. The increased perception of controllability in China is discussed in light of the theory of reflexive modernization. This theory strives to explain the increased critical attitude in Western countries such as Austria toward scientific innovations and toward the idea that everything can be calculated and mastered at will. By revealing different notions of risk perception, this research also provides additional scientific input to risk communication efforts for public education.     

一个新的求解多峰函数的遗传算法

采用邻域罚函数及变异方法 ,将全局搜索和局部搜索结合起来 ,设计了一种新的遗传算法 ,有效地解决了一类具有多解的多峰函数的求解问题     

中国水稻遗传多样性的区域变化研究

作为遗传育种重要物质资源的作物遗传资源,是生物多样性的重要组成部分,也是农业可持续发展的战略资源.该文在总结我国水稻遗传资源的基础上,运用丰度这个遗传多样性指标,分析了我国水稻遗传多样性区域变化趋势.结果表明,我国区域内(省内)水稻遗传多样性在增加,而区域间(省际之间)水稻遗传多样性在减少.     

动态变异遗传算法

遗传算法是根据达尔文生物进化理论而提出的一种优化算法。该文提出了一种新的遗传算法,理论分析显示,它不仅能保持遗传种群的多样性,而且能快速收敛。计算机仿真实验证明了改进后的遗传算法能够有效地克服不成熟收敛、进而搜索到全局最优解,并将这种新遗传算法用于BP网络的拓朴结构的优化和连接权值的训练,实例表明了该算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于实数编码遗传算法的盲信源分离方法

提出了一种新的基于相关矩阵对角化的代价函数,该代价函数通过抑制分离信号的互相关性达到盲信源分离的目的。这种分离新方法可用于分离平稳或非平稳信号的瞬时或卷积混合。针对传统梯度搜索方法容易陷入局部收敛的问题,文章还提出利用实数编码遗传算法对代价函数进行最优化搜索。仿真实验表明,这种遗传算法具有快速收敛性能和高精确度等优点。     

遗传算法在活动网络有限资源分配问题中的应用

有限资源合理分配是网络计划中一个复杂的组合优化问题。应用遗传算法,本文建立了描述有限资源合理分配问题的染色体结构和适应度函数,设计了问题的遗传运算,并举例说明了该遗传算法的有效性。这一工作对于处理工程项目施工安排问题具有重要意义。     

The physiological costs of flight capability in wing-dimorphic crickets

Nutritional indices, triglyceride levels and flight muscle developmental profiles were compared between long-winged (LW) and short-winged (SW; flightless) morphs of the cricketsGryllus rubens Scudder andG. firmus Scudder. This was done to identify potential physiological costs of flight capability in adults. The LW morph of each species converted a lower proportion of assimilated nutrients into biomass (reduced ECD) than did the SW morph. This documents increased respiratory metabolism in the LW morph. Triglyceride concentration was higher in LW vs. SW adults. This suggests that the elevated respiration in the LW morph may be at least partially due to the increased biosynthesis of this high energy substance. Preliminary data indicate higher respiration rates of LW functional vs. SW vestigial flight muscles. Collectively, these data suggest that the energetic cost of flight capability in adults results from biosynthesis of triglyceride flight fuel and flight muscle maintenance but not flight muscle growth. No flight muscle growth was observed in adults.     

岩体分级的进化支持向量机方法研究

将进化支持向量机方法应用到岩体的工程分级中，提出了岩体工程分级的进化支持向量机方法．该方法将遗传算法和支持向量机有机结合，充分发挥二者各自的优点．结果表明这种方法具有很好的精度，达到了较好的分级效果．