Construction of bivariate and multivariate weighted distributions via conditioning

Weighted distributions (univariate and bivariate) have received widespread attention over the last two decades because of their flexibility for analyzing skewed data. In this article, we propose an alternative method to construct a new family of bivariate and multivariate weighted distributions. For illustrative purposes, some examples of the proposed method are presented. Several structural properties of the bivariate weighted distributions including marginal distributions together with distributions of the minimum and maximum, evaluation of the reliability parameter, and verification of total positivity of order two are also presented. In addition, we provide some multivariate extensions of the proposed models. A real-life data set is used to show the applicability of these bivariate weighted distributions.     

A new confidence interval in measurement error model with the reliability ratio known

For the slope parameter of the measurement error model with the reliability ratio known, this article constructs a fiducial generalized confidence interval (FGCI) which is proved to have correct asymptotic coverage. Simulation results demonstrate that the FGCI often outperforms the existing intervals in terms of empirical coverage probability, average interval length, and false parameter coverage rate. Two examples are also provided to illustrate our approach.     

Pairwise comparisons of treatments with ordinal responses in a two-way setting

In clinical studies, pairwise comparisons are frequently performed to examine differences in efficacy between treatments. The statistical methods of pairwise comparisons are available when treatment responses are measured on an ordinal scale. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test and the latent normal model are popular examples. However, these procedures cannot be used to compare treatments in parallel groups (a two-way design) when overall type I error must be controlled. In this paper, we explore statistical approaches to the pairwise testing of treatments that satisfy the requirements of a two-way layout. The results of our simulation indicate that the latent normal approach is superior to the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. Clinical examples are used to illustrate our suggested testing methods.     

中国房地产税制:存在问题与改革设想

在现代市场经济条件下,房地产税制具有十分重要的功能。现阶段中国房地产税制存在房地产税收功能分散,房地产税种设置交叉重叠现象突出,计税依据不符合国际惯例,房地产保有环节税负偏轻和房地产税权分布结构不合理等问题。中国房地产税制改革已进入基础性制度建设阶段,必须按照"宽税基、简税种、低税率"的原则,实现房地产开发流转环节税收为主向房地产保有环节税收为主的房地产税制转型,去土地财政化,这就要适时开征房产税。开征房产税可以分两步走,近期对居民新购商品房超免税标准部分征收房产税,中长期覆盖到居民已购存量房地产。     

不对称信息下风险投资家与风险企业家之间的委托代理问题研究

风险投资体系以多重激励和不对称信息为特征,风险投资的三方利益主体之间存在着双重委托-代理关系,有效控制代理风险是风险投资高效运作的基本前提。本文基于信息经济学原理,分析了风险投资家与风险企业家之间代理风险的成因,并从委托人的角度讨论了风险治理的原则和投资契约的构造。     

深圳市投资率与投资效益的合理区间分析

投资、消费和净出口被喻为拉动经济发展的三驾马车。对于深圳这样一个以投资拉动为主的城市,投资在经济发展中具有重要的地位。通过对投资率和ICOR的国际比较分析,综合深圳市发展的历史阶段,可以揭示并发现深圳市的投资率与ICOR的合理区间、正确规划,以及深圳市的长远发展目标和规划。     

我国中性财政政策选择解析

从一国经济的可持续发展来看,积极财政政策的实施只能是阶段性、暂时性的,随着一国经济形势的发展变化应适时适度做出相应调整,才能更加科学地调控宏观经济布局和结构,使其沿着健康、稳定的发展运行轨道前进。伴随着我国积极财政政策的连续实行,经济增长加速效应突出,国民经济领域产生了许多结构性的问题和矛盾,这迫使我国财政政策的选择有必要由扩张性向中性转移。把握积极财政政策向中性的财政政策逐步过渡的“火候”,就要充分适应经济形势的不断变化,在调控目标、调控方式、调控手段和方法组合上进行适时调整,采用更为适合我国国情的科学的宏观调控财政手段。     

改进高校毕业生就业率统计的思考

高校毕业生就业率统计对评价高校办学、把握人才需求、改进人才培养模式、加强就业服务、完善市场配置体系等方面具有积极意义。但当前就业率统计存在指标体系不完善、统计主体单一、统计时点不合理等问题。实现就业率的效用应采取完善统计指标体系、建立多层次统计系统、创新统计方式、实行网络化实名制就业制度、建立监督核查机制等措施,以进一步改进就业率统计。     

浅析房地产市场复苏的制约因素及其对策

房地产市场包括一级市场和二级市场，二级市场又包括消费市场和投资市场。现在的政策导向只注重房地产消费市场部分，而忽视了其投资市场部分，这是潜力巨大的市场。房地产只有真正成为大众投资品种时，才可能促进房地产一、二级市场的共同繁荣