How to Teach by the Unit Method

Using data from the National Center for Educational Statistics research spanning fifteen years, researchers examined the impact of national educational policy implementation on the role of social studies in elementary schools. Specifically, with the reauthorization of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) in 2007 and the continuation of federal-mandated testing of English language arts (ELA) and mathematics in grades three through five, researchers sought to understand how policy decisions to extend testing to science affected teacher decisions in regard to instructional time allocations for core subject areas of ELA, mathematics, science, and social studies in elementary schools. Results of this quantitative study offer large-scale evidence of the declining role of social studies in an era in which testing is clearly linked to subject-area importance. Findings provide an overview of the national scope of testing and the ramifications for social studies in elementary schools. Researchers conclude that curriculum standardization, accountability, and high-stakes testing have had adverse affects on social studies time allotments in comparison to tested subjects.     

“交往实践辩证法”：辩证法的又一个向度

“主一客一主”交往实践辩证法作为辩证法的又一个向度，是在对传统向度“主一主”辩证法和现代性向度的“主一客”辩证法基础上的完善与发展。从生存论视域进行哲学反思，目的就是返回到人自身之存在，使人能动地对客观世界进行生存意义上的改造，使“以人为本”的全面而自由发展这一崇高使命得以完成。     

三板市场:设立的必要性与发展思路

首先归纳了三板市场的特征,从历史、理论、现实三个角度论证了在我国设立三板市场的必要性,构想了我国三板市场的发展思路和发展步骤,分析了发展的障碍,进而提出了相应对策.     

高新技术企业的创业

高新技术企业的创业正在我国兴起。对高新技术企业创业的时代背景———知识经济的若干特点作出分析 ,同时参考美国硅谷发展的经验 ,结合我国实际情况探讨了高新技术企业创业的必要条件     

The Relationship between High School Sector and Educational Success: Focusing on the Social Background of Private High School Students

This study investigates the influence of high school sector on educational success in Japan. A range of previous research on disparities among high schools has revealed that high school rank (based on the academic ability of pupils, etc.) originated from the democratization of high school. However, given that the democratization of high school is supported by private high schools, high school sector may become a factor for high school ranking. The data used for the analysis are the 2005 National Survey of Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) in Japan. The results indicate that students who enter private high schools have lower academic ability than students who enter public high schools. By contrast, private high school students have greater educational success than public high school students. Moreover, this study reveals that private high school students are generally from a higher social class than public high school students. Given that the use of entrance examinations for private junior high schools has been increasing since the 1990s, in the future, the effect of private schools on educational success may become stronger in not only high schools but also junior high schools. This study thus emphasizes the importance of paying greater attention to the relationship between educational success and the private and public school sectors.     

Estimation of Correlation for Continuous Semimartingales

Abstract. In this study we are concerned with inference on the correlation parameter ρ of two Brownian motions, when only high‐frequency observations from two one‐dimensional continuous Itô semimartingales, driven by these particular Brownian motions, are available. Estimators for ρ are constructed in two situations: either when both components are observed (at the same time), or when only one component is observed and the other one represents its volatility process and thus has to be estimated from the data as well. In the first case it is shown that our estimator has the same asymptotic behaviour as the standard one for i.i.d. normal observations, whereas a feasible estimator can still be defined in the second framework, but with a slower rate of convergence.     

三牙轮钻头滑动轴承失效分析

三牙轮钻头轴承的使用寿命直接决定了钻头的寿命。为了弄清三牙轮钻头轴承的失效形式、原因及机理，进一步提高三牙轮钻头轴承的寿命，分别对现场失效的三牙轮钻头轴承进行宏观和微观分析。结果表明，密封系统失效是轴承失效的主要原因之一。同时，轴承所受载荷过大且分布不均，温度过高导致材料表面金属强度和耐磨性降低，以及轴承与牙轮之间配合间隙过大，工作时晃动导致受力不均等原因也是造成牙轮钻头轴承的快速失效的主要原因。     

On the moment generating functions for integer valued random variables

Abstract

In this note, we give explicit expressions of moment generating functions for integer valued random variables in both univariate and multivariate cases, which extend the results obtained by Nadarajah and Mitov [Communications in Statistics–Theory and Methods, 32, 2003, 47–60] and more recently by Chakraborti, Jardim and Epprecht [The American Statistician, 2017], Kwong and Nadarajah [Communications in Statistics–Theory and Methods, 2017]. Some examples are also discussed.     

An Empirical Examination of Sexual Relations Between Adolescents and Adults

SUMMARY

The American view that adolescent-adult sexual relations are by definition “child sexual abuse” has spread throughout the Western world and reshaped public policy. This paper, originally presented as a talk, examines the scientific validity of this view. A historical perspective traces the conflation of the adolescent experience with rape, incest, and that of the young, prepubescent child. Biological and cognitive perspectives support the view that adolescents have more in common with adults than children. Sweeping claims that adolescents react as children are said to is critically tested by examining two types of relations-those between heterosexual teenage boys and women and those between gay or bisexual teenage boys and men. Non-clinical empirical data show overwhelmingly that such relations are characterized mostly by positive reactions based on consent if not initiative on the part of the minor, with perceived benefit rather than harm as a correlate. It is concluded that the American view is false, and that public policy that heightens official reaction to such relations, such as that currently proposed by the European Union, are either misinformed or disingenuous in alleging to protect when the motive is to control adolescents.