非政府间国际组织的国际法律人格限制性评析

随着国际关系的发展,非政府间国际组织参与国际活动越来越频繁,作用越来越大,但是它们至今仍不具有国际法主体资格,不能直接承受国际法上的权利义务,这必然会影响和限制其作用的发挥。本文旨在通过分析和评价国际非政府组织的法律人格的受局限性,得出尽快赋予其国际法主体资格的紧迫性和必要性,以充分发挥非政府间国际组织对国际关系和国际法的影响和作用,只有这样,才能更好地适应国际社会发展的现实需要。     

劳动者的预告辞职权研究

就业市场竞争的加剧,劳动者权利保障成为突出的社会问题和法律问题。在制定对应的预防措施和法律时,既要强调倾斜保护劳动者的价值取向,又要重视用人单位的合法权益。辞职是解决劳动冲突的一种有效形式,预告辞职权是劳动权的具体表现和基本内容。辞职权作为劳动者权利的一种体现,已经成为基本人权的组成部分。该项权利的行使由劳动者通过提前预警来积极主张,在一定程度上能够纠正失衡的劳动关系,矫正劳动者在劳动关系中的弱势地位,能够保障劳动者获得充分的择业自由,实现社会利益与个人利益的平衡。但是在具体的制度设计中,为防止预告辞职权的滥用还需要对劳动者预告辞职权做出合理的限制。     

情态确认型“是”字构式中“是”的语义功能

“是”从代词演变为断定系词，进而成为焦点标记，是语法界普遍接受的事实。而且，“是”还可以用在小句开头形成“是S”构式，以及某些副词、连词之后形成“X是”构式。这两种构式可以分别称为“是认”型和“断定悬空”型，这是“是”的情态功能，即表达说话人的主观断定。语法化研究者着力于形式方面的特点，语义分析则告诉我们，两种型式下的“是”既有差别，又有联系：“是认”型中的“是”一般不可省缺，“断定悬空”型中的“是”可省。“是”可否缺省的语义基础是“是”在其所在结构中的辖域关系。     

论民营经济发展中的制约因素与改善对策

民营经济是我国社会主义市场经济体制中的重要组成部分,但现在它的发展受到多方面的制约。据此,对这些制约因素进行了分析,并提出了改善民营经济发展的一些对策。     

Tests for a simple tree order restriction with application to dose–response studies

Summary.  We propose 'Dunnett-type' test procedures to test for simple tree order restrictions on the means of p independent normal populations. The new tests are based on the estimation procedures that were introduced by Hwang and Peddada and later by Dunbar, Conaway and Peddada. The procedures proposed are also extended to test for 'two-sided' simple tree order restrictions. For non-normal data, nonparametric versions based on ranked data are also suggested. Using computer simulations, we compare the proposed test procedures with some existing test procedures in terms of size and power. Our simulation study suggests that the procedures compete well with the existing procedures for both one-sided and two-sided simple tree alternatives. In some instances, especially in the case of two-sided alternatives or for non-normally distributed data, the gains in power due to the procedures proposed can be substantial.     

Two kinds of restricted modified estimators in linear regression model

In this paper, we introduce two kinds of new restricted estimators called restricted modified Liu estimator and restricted modified ridge estimator based on prior information for the vector of parameters in a linear regression model with linear restrictions. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed estimators in mean squares error matrix sense is derived and compared. Finally, a numerical example and a Monte Carlo simulation are given to illustrate some of the theoretical results.     

Performance analysis of the preliminary test estimator with series of stochastic restrictions

In this paper, the problem of estimation of the regression coefficients in a multiple regression model is considered under the multicollinearity situation when there are series of stochastic linear restrictions available on the regression parameter vector. We have considered the preliminary test ridge regression estimators (PTRREs) based on the Wald, likelihood ratio, and lagrangian multiplier tests. Tables for the maximum and minimum guaranteed efficiency of the PTRREs are obtained, which allow us to determine the optimum choice of the level of significance corresponding to the optimum estimator. Some numerical results support the findings.     

Split-plot designs for multistage experimentation

Most of today’s complex systems and processes involve several stages through which input or the raw material has to go before the final product is obtained. Also in many cases factors at different stages interact. Therefore, a holistic approach for experimentation that considers all stages at the same time will be more efficient. However, there have been only a few attempts in the literature to provide an adequate and easy-to-use approach for this problem. In this paper, we present a novel methodology for constructing two-level split-plot and multistage experiments. The methodology is based on the Kronecker product representation of orthogonal designs and can be used for any number of stages, for various numbers of subplots and for different number of subplots for each stage. The procedure is demonstrated on both regular and nonregular designs and provides the maximum number of factors that can be accommodated in each stage. Furthermore, split-plot designs for multistage experiments with good projective properties are also provided.     

Smoking Restrictions as a Self-Control Mechanism

Using data from Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplements spanning 1992–2002, this study shows that smokers who plan to quit smoking are more supportive of regulations than are other smokers. Failed quitters who plan to try again are more supportive of restrictions than are smokers planning to quit for the first time. These findings indicate that many smokers support regulatory restrictions to reduce their costs of quitting by exploiting the discipline offered by regulatory control. From 1992 to 2002, support for smoking restrictions in public areas rose dramatically among both nonsmokers and smokers.JEL Classification: I180, I120, H000     

论公民基本权利限制与宪法解释

公民基本权利限制不仅具有丰富的宪法内涵,更具有深厚的宪法法理正当性。通过对公民基本权利限制进行合理的宪法解释,在实现基本权利限制之宪政目的的同时,还可以满足其价值变迁之需要;同时,对公民基本权利进行宪法解释,不仅可以有效弥补当前法律对其规定之缺憾,还可以增强人们的基本权利宪法意识。