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161.
Five tests of homogeneity for a 2x(k+l) contingency table are compared using Monte Carlo techniques. For these studiesit is assumed that k becomes large in such a way that thecontingency table is sparse for 2xk of the cells, but the sample size in two of the cells remains large. The test statistics studied are: the chi-square approximation to the Pearson test statistic, the chi-square approximation to the likelihood ratio statistic, the normal approximation to Zelterman's (1984)the normal approximation to Pearson's chi-square, and the normal approximation to the likelihood ratio statistic. For the range of parameters studied the chi-square approximation to Pearson's statistic performs consistently well with regard to its size and power. 相似文献
162.
A two-way contingency table in which both variables have the same categories is termed a symmetric table. In many applications, because of the social processes involved, most of the observations lie on the main diagonal and the off-diagonal counts are small. For these tables, the model of independence is implausible and interest is then focussed on the off-diagonal cells and the models of quasi-independence and quasi-symmetry. For ordinal variables, a linear-by-linear association model can be used to model the interaction structure. For sparse tables, large-sample goodness-of-fit tests are often unreliable and one should use an exact test. In this paper, we review exact tests and the computing problems involved. We propose new recursive algorithms for exact goodness-of-fit tests of quasi-independence, quasi-symmetry, linear-by-linear association and some related models. We propose that all computations be carried out using symbolic computation and rational arithmetic in order to calculate the exact p-values accurately and describe how we implemented our proposals. Two examples are presented. 相似文献
163.
Recently in Dutt (1973, (1975), intgral representations over (0,A) were obtained for upper and lover multivariate normal and the probilities. It was pointed out that these integral representaitons when evaluated by Gauss-Hermite uadrature yield rapid and accurate numerical results. Here integral representaitons, based on an integral formula due to Gurland (1948), are indicated for arbitrary multivariate probabilities. Application of this general representaion for computing multivariate x2 probabilities is discussed and numerical results using Gaussian quadrature are given for the bivariate and equicorre lated trivariate cases. Applications to the multivariate densities studied by Miller (1965) are also included 相似文献
164.
Subir Ghosh 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(10):1173-1184
We consider the Information contained 1n each observation in a given design robust with respect to the estlmability of parameters and against the unavailability of observations. We compare the observations in various 1-, 2- and 3- dimensional designs on the basis of their informations. 相似文献
165.
Estimating confidence intervals for the interaction between treatments and environmental conditions in binomial experiments is analyzed. Testing the interaction is studied also. The problem is reduced to that of estimating or testing the interaction parameter in 2 × 2 × 2 contingency tables with given marginals. Programs for determining the exact conditional tests and their power functions are provided for sample of size not exceeding 100. Large sample approximations based on maximum likelihood (ML) and on the arcsin transformation for proportions are studied. 相似文献
166.
丁毅 《吉林师范大学学报》2009,37(3):106-109,113
本文就不完整市场提出了对连续时间共同基金定理的重新认识。这一新认识的提出同样摆脱了以往研究中对投资者消费和最终财富效用函数的假设。同样的,这些效用函数也都是可时间累加的、非减的函数。这项理论延伸也是基于离散过程和线性代数的简单属性。本文的研究结果适用于不完整市场。另外,以往只适用于包含单一风险资产的完整市场的最优投资策略自动延伸至包含多个风险资产的不完整市场。文中举出了一个实例。 相似文献
167.
Russell F. Kappenman 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(3):363-380
The predicitive sample reuse (PSR) data analysis technique proposed by Geisser and Eddy (1979) is applied to the analysis of categorical data. This application yiclds a new approach which has a number of advantages over classical methods for analysis of such data. A PSR technique for comparing linear or nonlinar regressino relationships, for two or more populations, and a PSR ailernative to certain nonparaemetri statistical tesis are also proposed. 相似文献
168.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(3-4):157-167
Comparisons are made between the two values of the chisquare statistic in three dimensional contigency tables as defined respectively by the ‘multiplicative’ an ‘additive’ models of zero second order interaction. It is shown that in practice the two definitions frequently give comparable values for the statistics, and it is concluded that interaction measures, and paritioning of the overall association chisuare, are more useful than the considerable writing on the models' deficiencies would seem to indicate. There seems to be a slight bias in favour of the multiplicative model. 相似文献
169.
《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(4):1095-1113
Abstract Numerous methods—based on exact and asymptotic distributions—can be used to obtain confidence intervals for the odds ratio in 2 × 2 tables. We examine ten methods for generating these intervals based on coverage probability, closeness of coverage probability to target, and length of confidence intervals. Based on these criteria, Cornfield’s method, without the continuity correction, performed the best of the methods examined here. A drawback to use of this method is the significant possibility that the attained coverage probability will not meet the nominal confidence level. Use of a mid-P value greatly improves methods based on the “exact” distribution. When combined with the Wilson rule for selection of a rejection set, the resulting method is a procedure that performed very well. Crow’s method, with use of a mid-P, performed well, although it was only a slight improvement over the Wilson mid-P method. Its cumbersome calculations preclude its general acceptance. Woolf's (logit) method—with the Haldane–Anscombe correction— performed well, especially with regard to length of confidence intervals, and is recommended based on ease of computation. 相似文献
170.
A model developed by Andrich for ordered categorical data is extended to develop tests for treatment effects with paired or matched samples. In particular, this includes analysis for pre-post studies and crossover designs. Some advantages of this model are that it allows for misclassification of subjects, yields reasonable conditional requirements for exact analysis, a normal approximation is good for all but the smallest of sample sizes, and it is relatively simple mathematically. Furthermore, the form of the tests derived are logical extensions of tests for unordered categories. 相似文献