独立院校医学生人文素质教育分析与对策研究

人文素质教育对于医学生的培养不容忽视。由于我国现行医学生选拔和培养模式、独立院校校园文化薄弱和“三本”学生自身特点等因素影响,独立院校医学生人文素质教育有待加强。独立医学院校应从深化教学改革、提高师资力量、建设校园文化、增强临床教学等四方面入手,努力提高医学生人文素养,不仅有利于医学生的成长成才,也有利于缓和当前的医患矛盾,更有助于推动医疗卫生事业的和谐发展。     

Active‐controlled,non‐inferiority trials in oncology: arbitrary limits,infeasible sample sizes and uninformative data analysis. Is there another way?

In oncology, it may not always be possible to evaluate the efficacy of new medicines in placebo-controlled trials. Furthermore, while some newer, biologically targeted anti-cancer treatments may be expected to deliver therapeutic benefit in terms of better tolerability or improved symptom control, they may not always be expected to provide increased efficacy relative to existing therapies. This naturally leads to the use of active-control, non-inferiority trials to evaluate such treatments. In recent evaluations of anti-cancer treatments, the non-inferiority margin has often been defined in terms of demonstrating that at least 50% of the active control effect has been retained by the new drug using methods such as those described by Rothmann et al., Statistics in Medicine 2003; 22:239-264 and Wang and Hung Controlled Clinical Trials 2003; 24:147-155. However, this approach can lead to prohibitively large clinical trials and results in a tendency to dichotomize trial outcome as either 'success' or 'failure' and thus oversimplifies interpretation. With relatively modest modification, these methods can be used to define a stepwise approach to design and analysis. In the first design step, the trial is sized to show indirectly that the new drug would have beaten placebo; in the second analysis step, the probability that the new drug is superior to placebo is assessed and, if sufficiently high in the third and final step, the relative efficacy of the new drug to control is assessed on a continuum of effect retention via an 'effect retention likelihood plot'. This stepwise approach is likely to provide a more complete assessment of relative efficacy so that the value of new treatments can be better judged.     

对中国企业知识产权战略的几点思考

分析知识产权在国家中的地位和作用,指出在经济高度全球化、知识化的今天,知识产权的竞争已成为迄今为止人类社会最高级别的竞争,知识产权的创造水平和保护水平正在成为衡量一个国家综合国力和持续发展力的根本尺度和标志性依据。指出中国企业必须树立强烈的知识产权战略意识,并真正建立起自己的知识产权战略,才能在这场关乎国家和民族的未来、企业的生存与发展的战役中立于不败之地。     

全球化背景下我国企业的自主知识产权能力建构分析

全球化背景下,我国企业尤其是高新技术企业必须提升知识产权能力,以保持可持续竞争优势.本文从企业知识产权能力与动态能力的逻辑关系出发,探讨了知识产权能力的含义,将企业知识产权能力分为负值型、防御型、整合型、利润型四种不同的发展阶段或状态.进一步分析了目前我国企业面临能级低、结构失衡、风险偏大的知识产权能力困境,并从与自身技术研发及市场拓展能力相匹配、建立动态管理机制、组合运用知识产权工具、营造知识产权文化等四个方面探讨企业如何构建自主知识产权能力.     

论大学独立学院的有效管理方式

独立学院的管理,是多元教育权利（权力）交织的集合,是制度、行为和过程构成的组织机构。独立学院应按照营利性与非营利性分类管理的思路,推行因院制宜的管理方式。文章在阐述了独立学院选择非营利性制度的必然性基础上,明确分析了现行的独立学院管理制度具有明显的过渡性特点,并提出教育的＂公共治理＂代表了当代政府教育职能转变的方向,赋予＂公民社会＂共同应对公共教育问题的责任,是有效的管理方式。依法理清出资者权益,并建立健全合作伙伴、质量评价、信息披露和学术发展等机制,是实现有效管理的主要内容。     

论中国高等教育管理改革之理论创新

高等教育大众化必然带来高等教育功能的拓展和大学组织的转型,对高等教育管理也提出了新的变革要求。而管理理念创新是高等教育管理改革的前提,体现在高等教育系统的宏观和微观两个层面。     

脑-机接口中新的脑电数据分类方法

根据自发脑电的特点,将HMM-AR模型算法运用到脑电状态的分类中,证明它是一种非常有用的分析脑-机接口方法。将Laplacian filter、ICA和HMM-AR方法相结合,用想象左右手运动的BCI数据进行识别,得到了很好的分类结果,有效地区分脑电中运动与非运动两种状态。该算法能够在运动开始后1 s内检验到脑电信号的变化,从而证明了该算法在BCI的实用性,达到了良好的识别效果。     

我国独立董事制度中存在的问题及对策

2005年10月27日，第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议第二次修订《公司法》（下称新《公司法》），明确规定了在上市公司中设立独立董事。独立董事制度在我国作为一种新生的制度，为我国的公司治理结构注入了新鲜血液，但在实际运行中出现了任职资格不明确、独立性不强、发挥作用有限、缺少专业化的独立董事队伍等一系列问题，文章主要对这些问题展开了探讨，在此基础上提出一些解决问题的对策。     

‘I shouldn’t be living there because I am a sponger’: negotiating everyday geographies by people with learning disabilities

Learning disability policy has for some time been framed by the goal of inclusion which purports to enable people with learning disabilities to lead a ‘life like any other’ person. This article examines the extent to which this is the case in England, by tracing the lived experiences of people with learning disabilities within their communities. The article draws on two interlinked qualitative studies involving interviews that examined their local place-based experiences of inclusion and exclusion. The findings reveal ‘moments of inclusion’ and opportunities for social encounter from peer support, but these were situated amidst wider experiences of exclusion and harassment.     

Back to basics: explaining sample size in outcome trials,are statisticians doing a thorough job?

Time to event outcome trials in clinical research are typically large, expensive and high‐profile affairs. Such trials are commonplace in oncology and cardiovascular therapeutic areas but are also seen in other areas such as respiratory in indications like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Their progress is closely monitored and results are often eagerly awaited. Once available, the top line result is often big news, at least within the therapeutic area in which it was conducted, and the data are subsequently fully scrutinized in a series of high‐profile publications. In such circumstances, the statistician has a vital role to play in the design, conduct, analysis and reporting of the trial. In particular, in drug development it is incumbent on the statistician to ensure at the outset that the sizing of the trial is fully appreciated by their medical, and other non‐statistical, drug development team colleagues and that the risk of delivering a statistically significant but clinically unpersuasive result is minimized. The statistician also has a key role in advising the team when, early in the life of an outcomes trial, a lower than anticipated event rate appears to be emerging. This paper highlights some of the important features relating to outcome trial sample sizing and makes a number of simple recommendations aimed at ensuring a better, common understanding of the interplay between sample size and power and the final result required to provide a statistically positive and clinically persuasive outcome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.