Estimator Choice and Fisher's Paradox: A Monte Carlo Study

This paper argues that Fisher's paradox can be explained away in terms of estimator choice. We analyse by means of Monte Carlo experiments the small sample properties of a large set of estimators (including virtually all available single-equation estimators), and compute the critical values based on the empirical distributions of the t-statistics, for a variety of Data Generation Processes (DGPs), allowing for structural breaks, ARCH effects etc. We show that precisely the estimators most commonly used in the literature, namely OLS, Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and non-prewhitened FMLS, have the worst performance in small samples, and produce rejections of the Fisher hypothesis. If one employs the estimators with the most desirable properties (i.e., the smallest downward bias and the minimum shift in the distribution of the associated t-statistics), or if one uses the empirical critical values, the evidence based on US data is strongly supportive of the Fisher relation, consistently with many theoretical models.     

Deconstructing Deconstruction from Its Birth

Deconstruction has swept the academic circle since its birth. However, this paper attempts to point out ineluctable paradoxes beyond Deconstruction's capability to resolve in terms of its birth.     

Importance of the prior mass for agreement between frequentist and Bayesian approaches in the two-sided test

We study distributional properties of generalized order statistics (gos) related by a random shift or scaling scheme in the continuous and discrete case, respectively. In the continuous case, we obtain new characterizations of distributions relating non-neighbouring gos extending some results given in the literature for the neighbouring cases. On the other hand, in the discrete case, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of a discrete parent distribution supported on the integers whose gos are related by a random translation.     

Sampling inspection for resubmitted lots

Lot resubmissions are allowed in situations where the original inspection results are suspected or when the supplier is allowed to opt for resampling as per the provisions of the contract etc. This paper examines the situation of resampling of lots and derives the performance measures of a resampling scheme having a single sampling plan for inspection. The usefulness and limitations of resampling of resubmitted lots are also discussed     

The Modified Pulak and Al-Sultan's Model for Determining the Optimum Process Parameters

Economic selection of process parameters has been an important topic in modern statistical process control. The optimum process parameters setting have a major effect on the expected profit/cost per item. There are some concerns on the problem of setting process parameters. Boucher and Jafari (1991 Boucher , T. O. , Jafari , M. A. ( 1991 ). The optimum target value for single filling operations with quality sampling plans . J. Qual. Technol. 23 : 44 – 47 . [CSA] [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) first considered the attribute single sampling plan applied in the selection of process target. Pulak and Al-Sultan (1996 Pulak , M. F. S. , Al-Sultan , K. S. ( 1996 ). The optimum targeting for a single filling operation with rectifying inspection . Omega 24 : 727 – 733 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) extended Boucher and Jafari's model and presented the rectifying inspection plan for determining the optimum process mean. In this article, we further propose a modified Pulak and Al-Sultan model for determining the optimum process mean and standard deviation under the rectifying inspection plan with the average outgoing quality limit (AOQL) protection. Taguchi's (1986 Taguchi , G. ( 1986 ). Introduction to Quality Engineering . Asian Productivity Organization . [Google Scholar]) symmetric quadratic quality loss function is adopted for evaluating the product quality. By solving the modified model, we can obtain the optimum process parameters with the maximum expected profit per item and the specified quality level can be reached.     

Errors in inspection and grading distributional aspects ofscreening and merarchal screening

Continuing the studies of Johnson et al (1980) and Johnson and Kotz (1981), further distributions arising from models of errors in inspection and grading of samples from finite, possibly stratified lots are obtained. Screening, and hierarchal screening forms of inspection are also considered, and the effects of errors on the advantages of these techniques assessed.     

无穷小问题与第二次数学危机

讨论了数学分析中 x→ 0的数量形式 ,分析了无穷小、标准分析、非标准分析这三代数学分析理论的本质及其之间的异同点 ,得出了明确的结论     

文化悖论中的黑客

从“黑客”这一独特的文化符号出发 ,通过从技术精英到文化精英 ,从技术罪犯与财富强盗 ,民族情结与大众灾难三个层面系统地考察了黑客在互联网时代的种种悖论式表现 ,阐述了黑客在文化意义上的裂变过程和意义 ,探讨了他们在信息时代所体现出来的种种特殊的价值取向 ,同时也指出了他们的这些悖论式状态 ,将对整个现代社会的生存秩序构成巨大的潜在威胁。     

论悖论性语句与真值承担者

悖论性语句是具有悖论性质的语句,特点是从其真可以推出其为假,从其假可以推出其为真;陈述是陈述句所表达的内容,有一个陈述句就有一个陈述;命题是反映对象事实的思维形式,特点是要么真要么假。悖论性语句构成了陈述与命题的区别之所在。真值承担者的充分必要条件是,任一对象,如果是真值承担者,则它必须(i)′必须或者真或者假,不能既不真又不假;(ii)′必须或者不真或者不假,不能既真又假。悖论性语句不能符合真值承担者条件,因而陈述不能作为真值承担者;命题符合该条件,是真正的真值承担者。     

多校区办学视野下的高校纪检监察工作

随着高等教育的快速发展,多校区的办学模式业已形成。新的管理模式将会给高校的纪检监察工作带来新的机遇和挑战。如何适应新的管理模式,提高办学质量和纪检监察工作水平,成了一个紧迫的问题。针对多校区条件下纪检监察工作面临的新挑战,提出解决问题的新思路,以期更好地适应新的管理模式,提高高校纪检监察工作水平。