服务补救悖论及其应用价值探讨

服务补救悖论是否有效，是否能够被实际运用一直是服务营销的一个争论内容。只有在清晰的界定其内涵，分析和评价了服务补救悖论的有效性和道德性以后，才能指明实施服务补救悖论的条件、程序和注意事项，从而澄清在此问题上的理论分歧和企业面临的实际困惑，有助于服务类企业更好地实施服务补救悖论以提升顾客满意度。     

The Use of Lay Assessors

This paper reports on some findings from a research study conductedby the authors for the Commission for Social Care Inspection.It examines the reasons for the involvement of lay assessorsand perceptions of the effectiveness of lay assessors in specificregulatory functions.     

清醒的梦呓 生存的悖论——试论《美好的日子》中温妮的人物形象

贝克特的代表剧作之一《美好的日子》中的主要人物温妮因为自己的清醒或作为人的存在的自我意识,竭力从荒诞的世界中寻求本不存在的秩序,从终极的虚无中寻求本不存在的人生意义,从人类终极的异化和孤独中寻求本不存在的结合。她的形象集中体现了现代人的生存悖论,从深层次上揭示了人类本体意义上的生存状态。     

Quality Management in Multi‐Level Supply Chains with Outsourced Manufacturing

Outsourcing stretches supply chains longer with added contract manufacturers responsible for the manufacturing of parts and final products. Should a firm change its quality management approach as its supply chain becomes longer with outsourced manufacturing? This paper studies a brand owner's optimal choice between two commonly used quality management approaches: an inspection‐based approach and an external failure‐based approach, in two supply chains – a dyadic supply chain and a multi‐level supply chain where the brand owner outsources manufacturing to an independent contract manufacturer. Our study finds that the brand owner's optimal choice between the two quality management approaches could be opposite in the two supply chains. Specifically, we show that if agency costs exist between the contract manufacturer and the brand owner, the brand owner may prefer an inspection‐based approach in the multi‐level supply chain in contrast to preferring an external failure‐based approach in the dyadic supply chain. In particular, inspections can be effective for the brand owner to limit the manufacturer's profit by excluding defective finished products and components, which in turn reduce agency costs in the multi‐level supply chain. Hence, the efficiency of an inspection‐based approach relative to an external failure‐based approach can be higher in the multi‐level supply chain as compared to the dyadic one. Our findings suggest that firms should adjust to changes in supply chain structures and re‐evaluate the efficiencies of different quality management approaches accordingly.     

指导性案例的实践功能与角色定位

我国指导性案例的效力经历的是由柔性到刚性转变的渐进过程,但人们却并未就其规制司法裁判的约束效力取得相同的理解和一致的认可。对此,人们可以制定出多种关于案例指导制度实践功能的描述性设计和规划,每种设想都有与之相对应的效力定位。但作为非正式的法律渊源,指导性案例的最终归宿必定是回应当下的司法现实,只有将其映射到社会生活当中,才能真正探究其制度运作的实践功能所在。其实,指导性案例的角色定位不当反映出理性与权威之间存在的悖论,与其将指导性案例的裁判理由和裁判要旨强加于人,不如充分发挥其理性说服的意蕴和效用,力求引导人们就诸多问题达成共识。     

“神技无技”：庄子技艺美学思想的吊诡

庄子用合道的神技来取代技艺,即用道的自然无为来改铸技艺,无为是无为了,但也就没有人为之技艺了,此即“神技无技”。神技不具有技艺的规定性,技艺是目的性有为,神技是自然无为;技艺创造的是第二自然,神技则不害第一自然。神技也不是现实的技艺或其比拟,神技是对人为技艺加以“自然无为化”或“道德理想化”后的虚构,有其神秘性。神技的逻辑结果就是对现世技艺的取消与否定,如“无画之画”、“其钓莫钓”、“无乐之乐”等。神技经后世的理论转化后,实现了与技艺的统一,那时才显现出“无法之法”等艺术创造思想。     

明成祖的亲王守边政策

以往学界认为 ,明成祖在即位后将塞王内徙 ,以天子守边和总兵镇边取代了藩王守边。但对已发现材料的考察表明 ,在永乐十一年四月以前的大部分时间里 ,成祖之子汉、赵二王曾先后防守北京一带 ;二王拥有较大的军、政权力 ,可以统帅大将 ,抗击蒙古 ,地位接近于洪武末年的塞王 ;永乐初年塞王内徙出于本王自请 ,成祖只是顺水推舟而已 ;永乐时留在北边的其他塞王可起拥有护卫以壮边防声威之效 ,在定位上与洪武末年的安边保国不同     

Learning in the Allais paradox

Whereas both the Allais paradox, the first empirical challenge of the classical rationality assumptions, and learning have been the focus of many experimental investigations, no experimental study exists today into learning in the pure context of the Allais paradox. This paper presents such a study. We find that choices converge to expected utility maximization if subjects are given the opportunity to learn by both thought and experience, but less so when they learn by thought only. To the extent that genuine preferences should be measured with proper learning and incentives, our study gives the first pure demonstration that irrationalities such as in the Allais paradox are less pronounced than often thought. Paul Anand and Stefan Trautmann made helpful comments.     

Survival through the Allais paradox

This paper investigates the allegation that behavior such as the Allais Paradox reduces the probability of survival. Examples are demonstrated where maximizing probability of survival in two choice situations imply a set of choices that add up to the Allais Paradox.     

现代性悖论的消解与社会技术的创新——关于现代性问题的技术哲学思考

现代性问题是我们这个时代的焦点问题之一。现代性是一种价值取向,标志着现代化运动所追求的基本目标,是对现代化运动所倡导的那些最基本和最重要的价值的提炼、概括和张扬。现代性的根据和基础是现代化的历史运动。而现代性一经形成,又规范、制约着现代化运动朝着“现代”的方向去演进。人们对现代性的关注已经从关于现代性的事实判断转向关于现代性的价值判断,这正是“现代性”成为“问题”的关键所在。如果只关注现代性的正面功能,而忽视现代性的负面影响,那么中国的现代化进程将难以持续,中国的和谐社会建设就可能成为泡影。“后现代性世界”,实际上并不是也不可能是现代性之外的某种力量使然,而是现代性内在的超越本性的必然结果。因此,所谓“后现代性”并不是现代性的自我否定,而是现代性的自我完善、补充与提升。从自然技术与社会技术的关系看,解决这两种技术的“滥用”和“误用”问题的根本途径在于社会技术创新。