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传统的基于数据包络分析的环境效率评价常常忽略投入、期望产出和非期望产出为离散型变量的可能性,从而无法精确处理现实中存在的具有整数特征的指标数据,一直以来影响着评价结果的精确性.本文以混合导向的整数DEA为基础,对超效率SBM模型进行拓展,构建了一种能够同时兼顾整数约束和非期望产出指标数据的超效率SBM模型,并在实例中采用搜索算法,对该模型进行求解并通过Bootstrap方法对结果进行修正.将每一个最优整数点与被评价决策单元之间的距离进行比较,可以找出最短距离所对应的最优整数点,即为其帕累托改进方向.该模型将为环境效率评价提供了适用范围更广泛的测度方法. 相似文献
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并行工程产品开发过程定量化建模与计划制订 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于现有的一些并行工程定量化模型中修改设计微循环的细节特征描述得还不够充分 ,本文提出了一种新的基于产品 -工艺设计活动对网络的定量化模型来描述并行工程产品开发过程 ,并且给出了产品 -工艺设计活动对平均持续时间与产品或工艺设计活动资源占用率的计算方法 .在此基础上 ,将并行工程产品开发过程的计划制订问题建模成一个有资源约束的项目调度问题 .与其它此类问题不同的是 ,在本文中 ,分配给产品开发项目的各类资源的数量不是事先给定的 ,而是与最优产品开发计划一起获得的 ,所以这是一个资源分配与计划制订的集成优化问题 .本文提出了一种新的基于分枝定界的算法来解决此问题并引入一个启发式规则来提高算法的搜索效率 相似文献
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M. Jamshidian & R. I. Jennrich 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2000,62(2):257-270
The EM algorithm is a popular method for computing maximum likelihood estimates. One of its drawbacks is that it does not produce standard errors as a by-product. We consider obtaining standard errors by numerical differentiation. Two approaches are considered. The first differentiates the Fisher score vector to yield the Hessian of the log-likelihood. The second differentiates the EM operator and uses an identity that relates its derivative to the Hessian of the log-likelihood. The well-known SEM algorithm uses the second approach. We consider three additional algorithms: one that uses the first approach and two that use the second. We evaluate the complexity and precision of these three and the SEM in algorithm seven examples. The first is a single-parameter example used to give insight. The others are three examples in each of two areas of EM application: Poisson mixture models and the estimation of covariance from incomplete data. The examples show that there are algorithms that are much simpler and more accurate than the SEM algorithm. Hopefully their simplicity will increase the availability of standard error estimates in EM applications. It is shown that, as previously conjectured, a symmetry diagnostic can accurately estimate errors arising from numerical differentiation. Some issues related to the speed of the EM algorithm and algorithms that differentiate the EM operator are identified. 相似文献
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In this paper, a new multivariate zero-inflated binomial (MZIB) distribution is proposed to analyse the correlated proportional data with excessive zeros. The distributional properties of purposed model are studied. The Fisher scoring algorithm and EM algorithm are given for the computation of estimates of parameters in the proposed MZIB model with/without covariates. The score tests and the likelihood ratio tests are derived for assessing both the zero-inflation and the equality of multiple binomial probabilities in correlated proportional data. A limited simulation study is performed to evaluate the performance of derived EM algorithms for the estimation of parameters in the model with/without covariates and to compare the nominal levels and powers of both score tests and likelihood ratio tests. The whitefly data is used to illustrate the proposed methodologies. 相似文献
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本文以植物向光性生长理论为启发式准则,提出了一种求解非线性二层规划问题的智能优化算法。在该算法中,将二层规划上层解空间和下层反应集分别作为植物的两个生长环境,建立以生长规则为基础的植物系统演绎方式和以植物向光性理论为基础的概率生长模型,两者结合所形成的优化模式,实现了模拟植物从初始状态到完整形式的终态(没有新的树枝生长),从而得到二层规划问题的解。该方法具有搜索精度较高,求解稳定性较强的特点,通过与国外学者在非线性二层规划实际测试问题的最优值进行精度比较,表明模拟植物生长算法是有效可行的。 相似文献
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This paper revisits two bivariate Pareto models for fitting competing risks data. The first model is the Frank copula model, and the second one is a bivariate Pareto model introduced by Sankaran and Nair (1993). We discuss the identifiability issues of these models and develop the maximum likelihood estimation procedures including their computational algorithms and model-diagnostic procedures. Simulations are conducted to examine the performance of the maximum likelihood estimation. Real data are analyzed for illustration. 相似文献
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Nicholas G. Hall Joseph Y.‐T. Leung Chung‐Lun Li 《Production and Operations Management》2015,24(8):1248-1265
This study considers a typical scheduling environment that is influenced by the behavioral phenomenon of multitasking. Under multitasking, the processing of a selected job suffers from interruption by other jobs that are available but unfinished. This situation arises in a wide variety of applications; for example, administration, manufacturing, and process and project management. Several classical solution methods for scheduling problems no longer apply in the presence of multitasking. The solvability of any scheduling problem under multitasking is no easier than that of the corresponding classical problem. We develop optimal algorithms for some fundamental and practical single machine scheduling problems with multitasking. For other problems, we show that they are computationally intractable, even though in some cases the corresponding problem in classical scheduling is efficiently solvable. We also study the cost increase and value gained due to multitasking. This analysis informs companies about how much it would be worthwhile to invest in measures to reduce or encourage multitasking. 相似文献