后殖民主义视域下的翟译《醉翁亭记》简析

本文对<醉翁亭记>原作的主题风格、语言技巧和背景知识进行了剖析.从译者身份、翻译目的、翻译策略和技巧等方面,结合后殖民主义译论对翟译<醉翁亭记>进行了评析.     

自然价值与人类对自然的道德义务

自然价值被认为是生态伦理学这一学科的理论基石。在传统伦理中,自然只具有对人类有用的外在价值。生态伦理学对自然的价值重新进行了界定。一方面,它扩展了"有用性"的内涵,不再从人与自然的对立中来看待自然的外在价值,而是从人对自然的依赖性来理解这一概念;另一方面,生态伦理学从目的论与整体论视角来肯定自然的内在价值。生态伦理对自然价值的全面肯定在时间维度上将人类道德义务扩展到当代人与后代人之间;在空间纬度上则扩展到了人与自然之间。     

教师的自主支持与学生内部动机和胜任感的关系

研究采用知觉到的自主支持量表、内部动机问卷和学习胜任感问卷,对保定市某初中150名学生进行了调查,结果显示教师的自主支持与学生内部动机和胜任感之间存在显著正相关;不同班级、不同教师之间存在显著差异.教师的高自主支持能使学生感受到良好的学习氛围,在这种氛围中,学生具有较高水平的内部动机和较强的学习胜任感.培养教师高自主支持的激励风格对提高学生的学习动机和兴趣、增强学生的学习行为有促进作用.     

员工动机对双元销售行为的影响研究:传统性的调节作用

营销人员经常面临现有产品销售和新产品销售之间的悖论,需要采用不同的方式来应对两种销售行为之间的冲突。本研究根据内外动机理论,探究不同动机影响下的销售行为,同时揭示国人的传统性对动机与产品销售两者关系的调节作用。本研究开发了中国情境下的双元销售行为量表,具有良好的信度（0.896）。实证结果表明：（1）内在动机与现有产品和新产品的双元销售行为之间呈现显著的正相关关系,外在动机与现有产品和新产品的双元销售行为呈不显著的正向关系。（2）中国传统性对营销人员的产品销售行为的直接影响作用非常显著,但传统性与内外动机的调节作用表现出多样性。（3）传统性与内在动机的交乘项对双元销售行为起不显著的负向调节作用。（4）传统性与外在动机的交乘项对现有产品销售起不显著的正向影响,对新产品销售起不显著的负向影响。     

马克思“现实的个人”对近代个人主义的批判

马克思哲学诞生于对现代性启蒙哲学及其后果的反思和批判。现代性的问题本质上是原子式的个人主义问题,这又主要表现为人的利己性和抽象性。马克思通过“现实的个人”概念的提出,并赋予其感性对象性、社会历史性和感性丰富性等内涵,实现了对近代个人主义的根本批判。这一批判至今仍有着重大的理论和现实意义。     

Do Nonprofits Treat Their Employees Differently? Incentive Pay and Health Benefits

We examine how nonprofit, public, and for‐profit establishments vary in the provision of health benefits and insurance and performance‐based incentives using the 2002 National Organization Survey of establishments in the United States. We found that in comparison to for‐profit firms, both nonprofit and public organizations are less likely to use performance‐based incentives, although they provide their employees with better health benefits and insurance. Sectoral differences in the provision of health benefits and insurance and use of performance‐based incentives persist after controlling for correlates of sector that predict these outcomes, including establishment size, independence of establishment, market competition, establishment age, and unionization. We also found trade‐offs between the provision of health benefits and insurance and use of performance‐based incentives. Our results are generally consistent with the prediction from agency theory and also consistent with a view that public and nonprofit organizations are more concerned with the well‐being of their employees.     

Intrinsic Priors for Model Selection Using an Encompassing Model with Applications to Censored Failure Time Data

In Bayesian model selection or testingproblems one cannot utilize standard or default noninformativepriors, since these priors are typically improper and are definedonly up to arbitrary constants. Therefore, Bayes factors andposterior probabilities are not well defined under these noninformativepriors, making Bayesian model selection and testing problemsimpossible. We derive the intrinsic Bayes factor (IBF) of Bergerand Pericchi (1996a, 1996b) for the commonly used models in reliabilityand survival analysis using an encompassing model. We also deriveproper intrinsic priors for these models, whose Bayes factors are asymptoticallyequivalent to the respective IBFs. We demonstrate our resultsin three examples.     

渊源与超越：深层生态学在生态学基础上的形而上思考

生态学为深层生态学提供了科学依据和形而上转变的思路,深层生态学作为一种哲学理念和运动是在生态学基础上的形而上超越。笔者运用深层追问的方式从深层生态学的哲学思考和价值使命来阐述这种超越。     

The Strehler–Mildvan correlation from the perspective of a two-process vitality model

The Strehler and Mildvan (SM) general theory of ageing and mortality provides a mechanism-based explanation of Gompertz's law and predicts a log-linear relationship between the two Gompertz coefficients, known as the SM correlation. While the SM correlation is supported by data from developed countries before the second half of the twentieth century, the recent breakdown of the correlation pattern in these countries has prompted demographers to conclude that SM theory needs to be reassessed. In this paper we use a newly developed two-process vitality model to explain the SM correlation and its breakdown in terms of asynchronous trends in acute (extrinsic) and chronic (intrinsic) mortality factors. We propose that the mortality change in the first half of the twentieth century is largely determined by the elimination of immediate hazards to death, whereas the mortality change in the second half is primarily driven by the slowdown of the deterioration rate of intrinsic survival capacity.     

宪法文化的超越

“超越”具有更为广泛、深邃的内涵，是人类及其社会特有的品质和机制，本质上是一个文化现象，宪法文化具有同样的品质。中国文化具有“内在性超越”的本质属性，宪法文化也同样具有这一特点，具体体现在宪法序言和条文的规定中。深刻体认这一特点，是现行宪法进而贯彻实施宪法不可或缺的哲学基础。中国宪法文化与西方的宪法文化形成鲜明的反差，西方宪法文化是“外在性超越”。这两种文化特点各有所长。中国在发扬“内在性超越”宪法文化优势的同时，也要吸收“外在性超越”注重制度性的约束机制的特长。