当代西方课堂教学过程理论综述

教学过程理论是教学论的一个重要基本理论。西方学者对这一问题的研究取得了显著成就。本文对西方教学过程理论,即教学理论研究范式、教学理论与模式、教学方案与策略等三大组成部分进行了综合阐述,以期获得对西方教学过程理论的总体认识。     

黄国雄教授商品流通理论研究回顾

黄国雄教授是中国现代商品流通理论的奠基人.文章通过文献梳理和实际观察,对黄国雄教授的商品流通理论研究进行了回顾.黄国雄教授的商品流通理论主要包括三个方面:在内容方面,聚焦于商品流通理论的研究;在方法方面,多使用经验主义范式;在主要贡献方面,奠定了现代商学理论的根基,具体包括提出了“商业创造价值论”“流通产业基础论”和“商道即人道论”等三大理论,以及建立了现代商学的学科体系.     

基于动态损失厌恶投资组合模型的最优资产配置与实证研究

从行为金融学的角度考虑投资者损失厌恶的心理特征,建立预期效用最大化的动态损失厌恶投资组合优化模型。以我国股票市场为依托,将市场分为上升、下降和盘整三种状态,研究动态损失厌恶投资组合模型的最优资产配置和绩效表现,并与静态损失厌恶投资组合模型、M-V投资组合模型和CVaR投资组合模型进行比较。最后,在具有交易成本的条件下对动态模型进行稳健性检验。得出结论：不同情况下,动态损失厌恶投资者具有不同的最优资产配置比例,且动态损失厌恶投资组合模型明显优于静态模型、M-V投资组合模型和CVaR投资组合模型。     

基于应对等级的突发事件网络舆情热度分析

突发事件应对等级是应急管理部门采取应对措施的基础,而网络舆情热度是突发事件态势发展的一个重要因素。以应对等级为切入点,构建网络舆情热度评价指标体系,从不同应对等级和事件类型的角度选取8个典型案例,运用GooSeeker等工具进行案例数据挖掘,获得各突发事件的舆情热度值,进一步通过构建突发事件应对等级和舆情热度分析图,发现其存在"一致"和"不一致"的对应关系。研究结果表明：一方面,把突发事件应对等级引入网络舆情热度量表,使舆情热度的评价与政府发布的应对等级建立联系,评价指标更加完善。另一方面,获得不同对应关系下应对等级对舆情热度的指标贡献,对突发事件网络舆情应对提出了更有针对性和科学性的建议。     

Decision Making for Animal Health and Welfare: Integrating Risk‐Benefit Analysis with Prospect Theory

This study integrated risk‐benefit analysis with prospect theory with the overall objective of identifying the type of management behavior represented by farmers’ choices of mastitis control options (MCOs). Two exploratory factor analyses, based on 163 and 175 Swedish farmers, respectively, highlighted attitudes to MCOs related to: (1) grouping cows and applying milking order to prevent spread of existing infection and (2) working in a precautionary way to prevent mastitis occurring. This was interpreted as being based on (1) reactive management behavior on detection of udder‐health problems in individual cows and (2) proactive management behavior to prevent mastitis developing. Farmers’ assessments of these MCOs were found to be based on asymmetrical evaluations of risks and benefits, suggesting that farmers’ management behavior depends on their individual reference point. In particular, attitudes to MCOs related to grouping cows and applying milking order to prevent the spread of mastitis once infected cows were detected were stronger in the risk domain than in the benefit domain, in accordance with loss aversion. In contrast, attitudes to MCOs related to working in a precautionary way to prevent cows from becoming infected in the first place were stronger in the benefit domain than in the risk domain, in accordance with reverse loss aversion. These findings are of practical importance for farmers and agribusiness and in public health protection work to reduce the current extensive use of antibiotics in dairy herds.     

矩约束模型的最优矩条件选取方法

大量经济、金融以及企业管理等领域研究对象的行为特征可以通过矩约束模型来刻画。然而,该模型中参数的估计对矩条件的选取非常敏感。如何选取最优的矩条件,进而得到更准确的参数估计和更精确的统计推断,是实证研究面临的重要问题。本文从估计量均方误差（MSE）最小的角度,研究了一般矩约束模型两步有效广义矩（GMM）估计的最优矩条件选取方法。首先,利用迭代的方法,推导出两步有效GMM估计的高阶MSE,然后通过Nagar分解,求出了两步有效GMM估计量的近似MSE。接着,基于近似MSE表达式,给出了两步有效GMM估计矩条件选取准则的一般理论,即定义了最优的矩条件,提出了两步有效GMM估计的最优矩条件选取准则,并证明了选取准则的渐近有效性。模拟结果表明,本文提出的矩条件选取方法能够很好地改善两步有效GMM估计量的有限样本表现,降低估计量的有效样本偏差。本研究为实证研究中面临的矩条件选择问题提供了理论依据。     

基于高校知识三角的产学研协同创新实证研究——自组织视角

产学研协同创新体现了系统集成的思想,本文以协同学为基础,从自组织理论视角分析了高校创新能力在产学研协同创新过程中的动态演化规律。研究表明:复杂性科学可以有效地解决公共管理问题的不确定性,本文以具有自组织特征的"B-Z"反应模型为基础,建立了高校知识生产能力、知识传播能力和知识转移能力构成的Logistic模型,通过稳定性分析与仿真模拟,讨论了高校三个能力子系统在产学研协同创新过程中的演化规律,并进一步确定了主导能力要素的序参量模型,并且对我国31所高校在产学研协同创新过程中的演化规律进行了验证性实证分析。本文的研究为我国研究型大学通过调整内部能力结构促进产学研协同创新提供了定量的分析视角与科学的政策讨论依据。     

Clickstream Data and Inventory Management: Model and Empirical Analysis

We consider firms that feature their products on the Internet but take orders offline. Click and order data are disjoint on such non‐transactional websites, and their matching is error‐prone. Yet, their time separation may allow the firm to react and improve its tactical planning. We introduce a dynamic decision support model that augments the classic inventory planning model with additional clickstream state variables. Using a novel data set of matched online clickstream and offline purchasing data, we identify statistically significant clickstream variables and empirically investigate the value of clickstream tracking on non‐transactional websites to improve inventory management. We show that the noisy clickstream data is statistically significant to predict the propensity, amount, and timing of offline orders. A counterfactual analysis shows that using the demand information extracted from the clickstream data can reduce the inventory holding and backordering cost by 3% to 5% in our data set.     

Strategic Motive for Introducing Internet Channels in a Supply Chain

Rapid advances of information technology in recent years have enabled both the manufacturers and the retailers to operate their own Internet channels. In this study, we investigate the interaction between the capabilities of introducing the Internet channels, the pricing strategies, and the channel structure. We classify consumers into two segments: grocery shoppers attach a higher utility from purchasing through the physical channel, whereas a priori Internet shoppers prefer purchasing online. We find that when the Internet shoppers are either highly profitable or fairly unimportant, the manufacturer prefers to facilitate the channel separation either through his own Internet channel or the retailer's. In the intermediate region, however, the manufacturer encroaches the grocery shoppers and steals the demand from the retailer's physical channel. With horizontal competition between retailers, a priori symmetric retailers may adopt different channel strategies as a stable market equilibrium. The manufacturer may willingly give up his Internet channel and leverage on the retailer competition. When the manufacturer sells through an online e‐tailer, Internet shoppers may be induced to purchase through the physical channel. This reverse encroachment strategy emerges because selling through the e‐tailer leads to a more severe double marginalization problem.