Predicting Severity of Foreign Body Injuries in Children in Upper Airways: An Approach Based on Regression Trees

The entry of a small item into the upper airways is one of the leading causes of injuries in children up to 14 years old. The aim of this study is to characterize types of objects causing choking along with the features of the children involved in the accident and compare results with current standards. The European Survey on Foreign Bodies Injuries Study (ESFBI) collected data on foreign body injuries from 19 European countries. The data from ESFBI were selected according to the ICD-9-CM codes 933 (foreign body in the pharynx and larynx) and 934 (foreign body in the trachea, bronchi, and lungs). Both a classification tree and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) have been set up to predict the probability that an injured child experiences a hospitalization. The classification tree provides flowchart-type decision rules and allows for analyzing the impact of the item features, the children characteristics, and the circumstances of the accidents on the severity of the foreign body injuries. Results showed that children younger than 3.5 who are involved in an accident have a high probability to experience a hospitalization.     

整体主义价值观与个体本位价值观新论

理性个人主义与极端个人主义有别,其理性特征表现为遵守法律、享受由法律限制并由法律保障的个人自由.在理性个人主义的文化中,出于人们的自觉选择,社会公德和对共同体的深厚感情也能产生.整体主义容易产生的弊端是形成依附性的人格,但作为生存策略的整体主义价值观在现代社会中还是必须的.     

THE CHOICE BETWEEN SETS OF REGRESSORS

This paper examines the choice of critical values for testing both non-sequential and nested sequential sets of constraints in the standard linear regression model. Modest increases in (e.g.) t-ratio critical values relative to their one-off values are often sufficient to maintain proper size. A Bayesian decision-theoretic approach, highlighted by the Schwarz (1978) criterion, provides a framework for deriving consistency and asymptotic local power properties of both forms of testing (data mining) algorithms.     

未成年人犯罪的轻罚与法律的公平

法律面前人人平等是法律适用的一项基本原则,是法治国家的标志.而我国法律对未成年人犯罪的处罚,却明显不同于成年人,专门作出了从轻、减轻、免除处罚的规定.这是从未成年人的生理特点以及社会的根本的、长远的利益来考虑的.这种针对特殊群体的特别规定,并不违背法律面前人人平等的原则,是对这一原则的具体的有效的运用.为贯彻对未成年人犯罪趋轻处罚的立法精神,国家专门机关和社会职能部门应坚持预防为主,建立有效的社会预防未成年人犯罪的工作机制;应坚持教育为主,对未成年人的失范行为准确定罪和量刑,加强改造,热心帮助未成年人解困,促使其重新做人.     

语言评价揭示闽南语歌谣的女性价值观

用当代西方语言学的评价理论对闽南语歌谣中显性或隐性的态度评价取位进行语言分析，诠释这种方言口头文学独特的区域文化内涵，揭示其蕴含的闽南女性传统价值观，包括其婚嫁观、人生现和幸福观。通过对闽南人至今仍身在其中的闽南区域文化习俗追根溯源，深入了解闽南语歌谣的女性文化传承本质。     

核心价值：从“天上”到“人间”

任何社会都有其独特的精神气质，它植根于现实的生产方式、政治氛围和文化底蕴之中，普照了当下的道德、法律规范和人们的价值追求，建构了社会的核心价值及其体系。核心价值，从逻辑运思来看，它是中心和边缘的统一，代表着整个价值体系的总的特征和方向，决定和规制着非核心价值；它内在地蕴含着一种自为的实践的价值机理，这样的核心价值及其理论体系因此获得了旗帜性和范导性的生活表征。     

奥林匹克精神与青少年人文素质

奥林匹克精神与青少年人文素质教育关系的研究,可以丰富奥林匹克精神内涵,促进奥林匹克教育的多元化。已有研究涉及到的问题有奥林匹克精神与人文素质的内涵、奥林匹克精神的人文教育价值、奥林匹克精神教育的途径等。     

论人民监督员制度

人民监督员制度作为我国司法制度改革的一项重要内容,有效防止了冤假错案的出现和执法中的偏差,充分显示了人民监督员制度的科学性和生命力,也表明人民监督员制度正在走向成熟.但由于这一制度的产生缺乏足够的理论和立法依据,同时在实施过程中也暴露出一些缺陷.所以研究如何进一步完善该制度有着重要的理论和现实意义.     

Neighborhood Quality, Environmental Hazards, Personality Traits, and Resident Actions

A survey of 798 New Jersey residents examined relationships among residents' neighborhood activities, perceptions of neighborhood quality, trust of experts, support for rebuilding cities and equal rights, and degree of optimism. Neighborhood activities increased with lack of trust and optimism. These personality characteristic measures were folded into multidimensional constructs that included local environmental hazards, respondents' ratings of their previous neighborhoods, and some demographic variables. Pessimism and values that support equal rights and rebuilding cities were weakly associated with poor quality neighborhood ratings.     

试论以人为本的教育价值观

在我国教育工作中贯彻落实科学发展观,前提和先导是树立以人为本的教育价值观。以人为本价值观直接来源于马克思主义关于人的全面发展学说,历史渊源可追溯到我国古代的民本思想和西方的人本主义思想。以人为本教育价值观的基本内涵,包括以人的现代化为本的教育发展观、以人的社会化为本的教育目的观、以师生为本的教育管理观。构建以人为本的教育制度,要建立以人为本的教育制度体系和以人为本的教育服务体系。