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571.
Bruce E. Hansen 《商业与经济统计学杂志》2013,31(3):321-335
This article derives the large-sample distributions of Lagrange multiplier (LM) tests for parameter instability against several alternatives of interest in the context of cointegrated regression models. The fully modified estimator of Phillips and Hansen is extended to cover general models with stochastic and deterministic trends. The test statistics considered include the SupF test of Quandt, as well as the LM tests of Nyblom and of Nabeya and Tanaka. It is found that the asymptotic distributions depend on the nature of the regressor processes—that is, if the regressors are stochastic or deterministic trends. The distributions are noticeably different from the distributions when the data are weakly dependent. It is also found that the lack of cointegration is a special case of the alternative hypothesis considered (an unstable intercept), so the tests proposed here may also be viewed as a test of the null of cointegration against the alternative of no cointegration. The tests are applied to three data sets—an aggregate consumption function, a present value model of stock prices and dividends, and the term structure of interest rates. 相似文献
572.
In this article scan statistics for detecting a local change in variance for two-dimensional normal data are discussed. When the precise size of the rectangular window, where a local change in variance has occurred, is unknown, multiple and variable window scan statistics are proposed. A simulation study is presented to evaluate the performance of the scan statistics investigated in this article via comparison of power. A method for estimating the rectangular region, where a change in variance has occurred, and the size of the change in variance is also discussed. 相似文献
573.
Exact null and alternative distributions of the two-way maximally selected x2 for interaction between the ordered rows and columns are derived for each of the normal and Poisson models, respectively. The method is one of the multiple comparison procedures for ordered parameters and is useful for defining a block interaction or a two-way change-point model as a simple alternative to the two-way additive model. The construction of a confidence region for the two-way change-point is then described. An important application is found in a dose-response clinical trial with ordered categorical responses, where detecting the dose level which gives significantly higher responses than the lower doses can be formulated as a problem of detecting a change in the interaction effects. 相似文献
574.
数字语言实验室对大学英语教学的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
田巧智 《大连海事大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,3(3):77-80
对比说明了传统语言实验室及数字语言实验室的特点。数据统计分析的结果显示 ,两个班级在数字语言实验室实践前没有显著区别 ,但在实践后 ,使用数字语言实验室的班级在考试中听力和总成绩都高于使用传统语言实验室的班级。阐明了数字语言实验室在听力教学上的优势及对大学英语教学的影响 相似文献
575.
Irene L. Hudson 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1983,25(1):47-57
This paper presents limit distributions for the modified score and the likelihood-ratio (LR) statistic for testing a composite hypothesis involving the split intensity and mean of the offspring distribution of the supercritical continuous time Markov branching process allowing immigration (CBPI). The immigration intensity and mean are treated as nuisance parameters. 相似文献
576.
MOULINATH BANERJEE PINAKI BISWAS DEBASHIS GHOSH 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2006,33(4):673-697
Abstract. We study a binary regression model using the complementary log–log link, where the response variable Δ is the indicator of an event of interest (for example, the incidence of cancer, or the detection of a tumour) and the set of covariates can be partitioned as ( X , Z ) where Z (real valued) is the primary covariate and X (vector valued) denotes a set of control variables. The conditional probability of the event of interest is assumed to be monotonic in Z , for every fixed X . A finite-dimensional (regression) parameter β describes the effect of X . We show that the baseline conditional probability function (corresponding to X = 0 ) can be estimated by isotonic regression procedures and develop an asymptotically pivotal likelihood-ratio-based method for constructing (asymptotic) confidence sets for the regression function. We also show how likelihood-ratio-based confidence intervals for the regression parameter can be constructed using the chi-square distribution. An interesting connection to the Cox proportional hazards model under current status censoring emerges. We present simulation results to illustrate the theory and apply our results to a data set involving lung tumour incidence in mice. 相似文献
577.
In this paper, we propose to monitor a Markov chain sampler using the cusum path plot of a chosen one-dimensional summary statistic. We argue that the cusum path plot can bring out, more effectively than the sequential plot, those aspects of a Markov sampler which tell the user how quickly or slowly the sampler is moving around in its sample space, in the direction of the summary statistic. The proposal is then illustrated in four examples which represent situations where the cusum path plot works well and not well. Moreover, a rigorous analysis is given for one of the examples. We conclude that the cusum path plot is an effective tool for convergence diagnostics of a Markov sampler and for comparing different Markov samplers. 相似文献
578.
B. J. Best & J. C. W. Rayner 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》1998,47(3):439-446
A simple nonparametric method of analysis for contingency tables with an ordinal response and factorial treatment structure is described. The method involves a partition of Pearson's X 2 P -statistic by using orthogonal polynomials so that location and dispersion effects are estimated for each level of the explanatory variable. Analyses of variance are then performed on these effects to determine the important factors. The methods are applied to two examples, where consumers rate their liking for a product on an ordered categorical scale, one of which highlights the need to look at dispersion as well as location effects. 相似文献
579.
In this paper we focus on the well-known test of goodness of fit for comparing observed counts to expected values under some null hypothesis. When the latter is rejected, we propose a simple method for detecting which subset(s) of category counts provoke(s) that rejection. The approach aims at building intervals iteratively and drawing appropriate conclusions on that basis. We discuss this method with respect to other classical approaches. We illustrate our purpose by treating some examples. 相似文献
580.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(8):1601-1620
The weighted kappa coefficient of a binary diagnostic test (BDT) is a measure of performance of a BDT, and is a function of the sensitivity and the specificity of the diagnostic test, of the disease prevalence and the weighting index. Weighting index represents the relative loss between the false positives and the false negatives. In this study, we propose a new measure of performance of a BDT: the average kappa coefficient. This parameter is the average function of the weighted kappa coefficients and does not depend on the weighting index. We have studied three asymptotic confidence intervals (CIs) for the average kappa coefficient, Wald, logit and bias-corrected bootstrap, and we carried out some simulation experiments to study the asymptotic coverage of each of the three CIs. We have written a program in R, called ‘akcbdt’, to estimate the average kappa coefficient of a BDT. This program is available as supplementary material. The results were applied to two examples. 相似文献