中国工厂化建造的关键驱动因素和路径

工厂化建造已在诸多国家得到积极推广,但在中国由于受到各种障碍因素的影响,迟迟没有成为建设工程实践领域的主流.工厂化建造作为一项新型生产方式,现阶段亟待分析影响其发展的关键性因素和驱动路径.文章通过案例调研、深度访谈和问卷调查,识别工厂化建造的外部驱动因素和内生驱动因素;通过结构方程模型(SEM)进行了实证研究和数据拟合,挖掘出五条关键驱动路径.研究结果表明,企业自身对可持续发展的追求是实施工厂化建造的本源,政府政策激励是一项积极的影响因素.     

Computing monotone disjoint paths on polytopes

The Holt-Klee Condition states that there exist at least d vertex-disjoint strictly monotone paths from the source to the sink of a polytopal digraph consisting of the set of vertices and arcs of a polytope P directed by a linear objective function in general position. The study of paths on polytopal digraphs stems from a long standing problem, that of designing a polynomial-time pivot method, or proving none exists. To study disjoint paths it would be useful to have a tool to compute them. Without explicitly computing the digraph we develop an algorithm to compute a maximum cardinality set of source to sink paths in a polytope, even in the presence of degeneracy. The algorithm uses a combination of networks flows, the simplex method, and reverse search. An implementation is available.     

Fitting spatial regressions to large datasets using unilateral approximations

Maximum likelihood estimation of a spatial model typically requires a sizeable computational capacity, even in relatively small samples, and becomes unfeasible in very large datasets. The unilateral approximation approach to spatial model estimation (suggested in Besag 1974 Besag, J. E. 1974. Spatial interaction and the statistical analysis of lattice systems. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) 36 (2):192–236.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) provides a viable alternative to maximum likelihood estimation that reduces substantially the computing time and the storage required. In this article, we extend the method, originally proposed for conditionally specified processes, to simultaneous and to general bilateral spatial processes over rectangular lattices. We prove the estimators’ consistency and study their finite-sample properties via Monte Carlo simulations.     

创建以人为本的公共服务型政府的路径选择

建设以人为本的公共服务型政府是当前中国各级政府的发展方向,也是广大人民利益的出发点,阐述了以人为本的公共服务型政府的基本内涵,即民主、公开透明、负责任、法治、高效的政府,并从七个方面提出了创建以人为本的公共服务型政府的路径选择。     

试论习近平“五个必由之路”重要论断

面对中国发展的百年新征程、实践新起点,习近平创造性地阐发了“五个必由之路”重要论断。从理论基础来看,历史唯物主义、党的创新理论和中华优秀文化构成了“五个必由之路”的生成性基础;从历史底蕴来看,共产党诞生以来中国“由乱到定”、新中国成立以来中国“由定到治”和党的十八大以来中国“由治到强”的过程构成了“五个必由之路”的继承性前提;从实践指向来看,实现中华民族伟大复兴、建设长期执政的马克思主义政党以及在中西比较中显示出世界性意义构成了“五个必由之路”的时代性启发。“五个必由之路”重要论断凝结着习近平对治国理政的理论总结和实践回顾,是彰显开创性和充满前瞻性的崭新论断,将推动中国式现代化巨轮劈波斩浪、行稳致远。     

论地方理工高校哲学社会科学发展的规律与路径 ——以地方理工高校社科特殊性为视角

地方理工高校在繁荣发展哲学社会科学进程中肩负重要责任,具有重要地位。地方理工高校哲学社会科学在发展阶段、存在问题、地位作用等方面具有特殊性,客观审视这些特殊性是认清其发展价值、规律和路径的前提。地方理工高校社科发展既要遵循社科发展的一般规律,又要坚持方向性或目的性、整体性或综合性原则,在队伍建设、人才培养、学科建设、科研组织、服务社会、学术自觉等方面积极探索、努力实践。     

School pathways and economic practices of Portuguese Ciganos: some continuities and changes

The main aim of this article is to offer a comprehensive perspective to a better understanding of the actual situation of Portuguese Ciganos.¹ In Portugal, the lack of recognition of Ciganos (Roma) and the sometimes incorrect ‘knowledge’ about them which are reflected in images that are limitative and distorted, suggest inferiority and are full of disdain, all of which negatively affects and restricts the life of Ciganos persons. This article intends to presents some of the main results of two qualitative studies conducted between 2004–2010, one of which sought to get to know Ciganos’ representations of domains, practices and situations perceived as discriminatory, while the other looked at the social integration paths of these persons. These studies produce new knowledge about both individual academic and occupational trajectories, and some of the main intergenerational changes that have occurred among Portuguese Ciganos. In addition, the article offers a new view about some social policies in Portugal and its impacts on Ciganos singularities. In fact, it’s possible to conclude that the universalism of the national social policies has not produced the desired effects in terms of a reduction in levels of poverty, exclusion, discrimination among Portuguese Ciganos.     

人力资源开发的路径选择

为了加强对人力资源的开发,促进经济发展,有必要研究人力资源开发的路径问题。我国人力资源的开发应在注重卫生保健和发展教育事业的同时,对劳动力资源进行再配置;在引进国外人才的同时,应注意减少国内人才的外流,充分合理地利用人力资源,进行人力资源的积极开发。     

Asymptotics for REML estimation of spatial covariance parameters

In agricultural field trials, restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML) of the spatial covariance parameters is often preferred to maximum likelihood. Although it has either been conjectured or assumed that REML estimators are asymptotically Gaussian, conditions under which such asymptotic results hold are clearly needed. This article gives checkable conditions for spatial regression when sampling locations are either on a rectangular grid or are irregularly spaced but satisfy certain growth conditions.     

PbWO4晶体中铅空位周围晶格弛豫的研究

使用相对论性密度泛函计算程序，按照能量最低原理采用共轭梯度方法，对缺铅的钨酸铅晶体进行结构优化处理．计算了铅空位周围晶格的弛豫，得到铅空位周围的晶格结构．结果表明，铅空位周围次近邻的正离子(Pb^2 和W^6 )向铅空位迁移，而铅空位周围最近邻的负离子(O^2-)向远离铅空位的方向迁移．晶格的驰豫结果使铅空位处的电负性降低．