非英语专业大学生英语写作错误的实证研究

错误分析对于二语教学具有重要意义。该研究基于错误分析理论,采用定性和定量的分析方法,对非英语专业大学生写作错误进行归类和统计,旨在确定非英语专业大学生在英语写作中常见的错误类型,并从词汇、句子和语篇层次进行分析,从克服英语写作错误角度为提高英语写作能力提出建议。     

单科性高职院校矩阵型教学管理组织体制构建与实践

根据单科性高职院校的学科单一这一突出特点,针对高职院校传统组织体制的弊端,在借鉴矩阵型组织体制的基础上,构建了一种新型的适合单科型高职院校自身特点和发展需求的组织体制,并以笔者所在学院为例,介绍了这一组织体制的运行机制和运行效果。     

‘Street‐level Bureaucracy’ Revisited: The Changing Face of Frontline Discretion in Adult Social Care in England

This reassessment of the continuing significance of Lipsky's (1980 ) work on ‘street‐level bureaucracy’ for frontline decision making is based on a retrospective review of the author's research on assessment practice in adult social care in England. The studies span the past two decades during which time successive governments have restructured and modernized social services departments. When these were established in 1970, they represented the high watermark of bureau‐professionalism – a mode of administration which dominated social welfare at the time Lipsky was writing. The subsequent dismantling of bureau‐professionalism calls into question the validity of his findings, and the author draws on her own research to assess conflicting views about the impact of social care reforms on the discretion which social workers exercise as street‐level bureaucrats. She concludes that the distinct types of discretion to emerge from her findings, represented in a taxonomy, are shaped by the differing micro environments of frontline practice which, in turn, affect the relative force of managerialism, professionalism and user empowerment in countering the defensive exercise of discretion described by Lipsky. Whilst her analysis affirms the continuing significance of Lipsky's analysis, it also points to the need for some revision to accommodate major shifts in welfare administration since the publication of his work. She highlights the potential relevance of these insights for investigating the next planned transformation of adult social care, personalization, as well as for the implementation literature more widely.     

Generalized Inverse Gaussian Distributions and their Wishart Connections

The matrix generalized inverse Gaussian distribution (MGIG) is shown to arise as a conditional distribution of components of a Wishart distributio n. In the special scalar case, the characterization refers to members of the class of generalized inverse Gaussian distributions (GIGs) and includes the inverse Gaussian distribution among others     

An improved meta-analysis for analyzing cylindrical-type time series data with applications to forecasting problem in environmental study

In this paper, we propose an improved generalized least square (GLS) meta-analysis in a linear-circular regression, and show its utility in the analysis of a certain environmental issue. The existing GLS meta-analysis proposed in Becker and Wu has a serious flaw since information about the covariance among coefficients across studies is not utilized. In our proposed meta-analysis, we take the correlations between adjacent studies into account, and improve the existing GLS meta-analysis. We provide numerical examples to compare the proposed method with several other existing methods by using Akaike's Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion and mean square prediction errors with applications to forecasting problem in Environmental study.     

Counting by weighing: construction of two-sided confidence intervals

Counting by weighing is widely used in industry and often more efficient than counting manually which is time consuming and prone to human errors especially when the number of items is large. Lower confidence bounds on the numbers of items in infinitely many future bags based on the weights of the bags have been proposed recently in Liu et al. [Counting by weighing: Know your numbers with confidence, J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C 65(4) (2016), pp. 641–648]. These confidence bounds are constructed using the data from one calibration experiment and for different parameters (or numbers), but have the frequency interpretation similar to a usual confidence set for one parameter only. In this paper, the more challenging problem of constructing two-sided confidence intervals is studied. A simulation-based method for computing the critical constant is proposed. This method is proven to give the required critical constant when the number of simulations goes to infinity, and shown to be easily implemented on an ordinary computer to compute the critical constant accurately and quickly. The methodology is illustrated with a real data example.     

An exploratory analysis of community-based disability workers’ potential to alleviate poverty and promote social inclusion of people with disabilities in three Southern African countries

This article draws on accounts by community-based disability workers (CDWs) of their life and work experiences in resource-limited rural communities in Botswana, Malawi and South Africa. Using the World Health Organisation’s community-based rehabilitation (CBR) matrix and the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals as analytic frameworks, the article explores CDWs’ potential to contribute to improving the lives and increasing the levels of social, economic and political inclusion of people with disabilities, their families and communities. The article argues that CDWs’ knowledge, experience and understanding of disability in resource-limited communities may constitute an important local resource for helping to address the inter-related effects of poverty and disability in developing countries.     

A NOTE ON THE INVERSE COVARIANCE MATRIX OF THE AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESS1

The inverse covariance matrix of an autoregressive process of arbitrary order is found explicitly using the notion of the information matrix for the vector random variable, not the parameters. Any process for which a simple conditional representation exists, can be treated in the same way. The approach has merit in the teaching of statistics.     

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE STOCHASTIC GROWTH RATE: THREE EXTENSIONS†

The perturbation analysis of population growth rate plays an important role in population biology. The sensitivity and/or elasticity (proportional sensitivity) of population growth rate to changes in the vital rates are regularly used (i) to predict the effects of environmental perturbations, (ii) to characterize selection gradients on life‐history traits, (iii) to evaluate management tactics, (iv) to analyse life table response experiments, and (v) to calculate the sampling variance in population growth rate. In a stochastic environment, population growth is described by the stochastic growth rate, which gives, with probability 1, the asymptotic time‐averaged growth rate of any realization. Tuljapurkar derived the sensitivity and elasticity of the stochastic growth rate to changes in the entries of the stochastic matrices. This paper extends his result to cover three cases, each of which has arisen recently in applications. The first gives the response of the stochastic growth rate to environment‐specific perturbations, applied only in a specified subset of the possible environments. The second gives the sensitivity and elasticity of the stochastic growth rate to changes in lower‐level parameters. The third applies to stochastic seasonal models, in which the projection matrix for each year is a periodic product of matrices describing seasonal transitions. In this case interest focuses on the sensitivity of the stochastic growth rate to changes in the entries of the seasonal matrices, not entries in the annual matrices. The paper describes examples of problems where each of these extensions is needed, and the algorithms for each of the new calculations.