殖民时期的澳大利亚移民小说

移民小说是澳大利亚殖民时期小说的一个重要分支 ,与早期澳洲文学中独特的“流犯小说”占有同样突出的地位。本文作为作者正在撰写中的《大洋洲文学史》的一部分 ,勾勒了该类型小说的发生、发展及其特点 ,集中讨论了有关主要作家与主要作品 ,为澳殖民时期的移民小说提供了一个大致而清晰的面貌。     

论新老实用主义的生命审美观

实用主义不只阐明突出效用的实践观,真善美统一的真理观,鼓励探索和实验的方法论,还极力提倡一种艺术化的生命观和审美主义的人生观;激励人们为生存和改变现实境遇而努力;要求人们"活得好,活得高尚";精心呵护生命,培养审美情趣,去除社会陋习,建立审美模式,塑造完美人格,实现完整人性。每个人都应该把人生当作一门艺术,在改善自我、世界和他人生活状态的过程中把自己塑造成为一件精美的艺术品,或是把自己的生活建构成一种具有审美价值和反映某种高雅风格及富有个性的作品。     

伦理规范与道德价值

伦理学力图从生活的层面来揭示生活的目的、生活的价值和生活的意义。因此，伦理学不是一种伦理观点，不是从伦理的角度去看问题，而要从道德的角度去看问题，从生活中揭示价值。人的概念必须从人道目的论来约定和定义。人需要按照人性的规律去生活，而不是按照规范去生活，只有这样才能彰显人的价值和生活意义。     

延长我国运动员运动寿命的研究

运动员的运动寿命降低,势必会给国家人力、物力、财力造成重大浪费.因此,如何延长运动员的运动寿命一直是体育工作者潜心研究的一个问题,本文就影响我国优秀运动员运动寿命的因素进行综合分析,提出了延长运动员运动寿命的对策和建议.     

荷兰居民生活质量调查方法研究及对中国的启示

通过对荷兰居民生活质量调查方法的研究，旨在分析总结其值得借鉴之处，并在此基础上针对中国正在探索中的居民生活质量调查，提出构建中国居民生活质量调查体系应拓宽其调查信息来源、实现数据共享、积极提高回应率、培养高素质调查队伍以及定期发布调查报告。     

简论司马迁的人生价值观

司马迁的人生价值观是他“一家之言”的重要组成部分,也是中华民族宝贵的精神财富。司马迁把“立德”、“立言”、“立功”作为人生的三大价值取向,认为在挫折和逆境中忍辱奋进是取得巨大成功的重要条件,在他看来,人们应当珍视生命,面对死亡应有崇高的价值追求,要死得其所,要死得有价值。     

A modified false discovery rate multiple-comparisons procedure for discrete data, applied to human immunodeficiency virus genetics

Summary.  To help to design vaccines for acquired immune deficiency syndrome that protect broadly against many genetic variants of the human immunodeficiency virus, the mutation rates at 118 positions in HIV amino-acid sequences of subtype C versus those of subtype B were compared. The false discovery rate (FDR) multiple-comparisons procedure can be used to determine statistical significance. When the test statistics have discrete distributions, the FDR procedure can be made more powerful by a simple modification. The paper develops a modified FDR procedure for discrete data and applies it to the human immunodeficiency virus data. The new procedure detects 15 positions with significantly different mutation rates compared with 11 that are detected by the original FDR method. Simulations delineate conditions under which the modified FDR procedure confers large gains in power over the original technique. In general FDR adjustment methods can be improved for discrete data by incorporating the modification proposed.     

Progress and cumulation in the human sciences after the fall

What do we mean by progress and cumulation in the social and human sciences? Recent thinking in the philosophy and history of science has led to an abandonment of some versions of logical positivism and of verificationism that had a strong deductive and theory testing orientation. What is to replace them is less clear. This paper argues that progress and cumulation can be seen as a process of evaluation and retention within an epistemic community. Scholarly disciplines differ in their social structure and in their epistemic and normative commitments. Since sociology is a fragmented discipline, progress and cumulation differ within its multiple subdisciplines, which to varying extents represent epistemic communities. Brief sketches of progress (advance) and cumulation in several subdisciplines are offered.     

论前期创造社艺术主张之成因

前期创造社"为艺术而艺术"的主张是在与文学研究会的论争中作为一种策略被提出来的,创造社同人自己对此缺乏真诚的信仰,也没有真正践行这种艺术主张,一旦在文坛站稳脚跟,他们也就抛弃了这一主张,转而大力提倡"为人生的艺术"和"革命文学",从而造成了所谓"方向大转换"的假相。     

African American family life in societal context: Crisis and hope

Since 1965 hundreds of articles and books have been published about African American families. Nevertheless, our understanding of these families continues to be limited. There is a tendency to gloss over important within-group differences; thus, monolithic, stereotypic and inaccurance portrayals of Black family life are common. This paper sets aside debates of Black family pathology or viability, focusing instead on these families' essential character. The paper seeks to understand Black families on their own terms, locating them in relevant social, historical, political and cultural contexts. Key empirical patterns and trends reveal dramatic changes in Black family geographic location, headship, quality of life and socioeconomic status since 1950.A complex picture is revealed. There has been gradual but steady overall improvement alongside persistent, extreme racial disparties and pronounced class disparities among Black families. The proposed Black Family Socio-Ecological Context model specifies and connects institutional, interpersonal, environmental, temporal and cultural facts that shape the essential character of Black family life in such a way as to produce characteristics simultaneously shared and idiosyncratic. The model also provides an organized, systematic accounting of research and public policy issues relevant to the study of African American families.An early version co-authored with Richard A. English was presented during the National Council on Family Relations Meetings in Portland, Oregon, October 1980.