论风景区停车场设计的关键点——以天堂寨风景区停车场为例

随着我国汽车产业的发展和国内旅游业的日益兴旺,自驾游的兴起给越来越多的旅游风景区带来新的问题。＂停车难＂导致景区原有停车场的弊端日益暴露,风景区停车场的扩建势在必行。文章以天堂寨风景区停车场设计为例进行阐述,分析新形势下风景区停车场设计的关键问题,并提出解决方案,以期为今后的风景区停车场设计提供参考。     

Constructing Near Optimal Schedules for the Flow-Shop Lot Streaming Problem with Sublot-Attached Setups

Lot streaming—the process of splitting a production lot into sublots—has been a common practice in flow-shop systems during the past decade. Nevertheless, a major limiting assumption has been made in the analysis of these systems in that the setup time is, at most, lot-attached but not sublot-attached. In this paper, we consider the single and multiple batch flow-shop lot-streaming problems with sublot-attached setup times. A fast, optimal solution algorithm for the single batch problem is presented. For the multiple batch problem, we propose a near optimal solution procedure which is optimal in two-machine flow-shops. Computational results are also presented for the multiple batch problem which indicate both the efficiency and effectiveness of this procedure.     

公寓大厦之停车场车位问题

无论是从学理上还是从法规政策上的考量,笔者都认为应当摒弃传统观念,对建筑物构造和利用上的独立性进行符合经济效用的宽泛解释.对停车场的法律地位应作类型化的区别:(1)如果开发商已经将建设停车场的费用计入商品房销售价格,开发商应当在商品房销售合同中明示,以明确区分所有权人对此停车场的共同共有权.(2)如果开发费用没有摊销,自行车库、无人看管的露天汽车停车场以及一定的地下或室内汽车停车场应该属于区分所有权人共用共有部分.(3)在有共有部分性质的停车场上,可以设立共有部分专用权.(4)除此以外的地下或者室内停车场,由于其由构造和功能上的独立性,可以作为区分所有权的客体,由开发商在楼盘出售之时享有并处分.     

联合经济批量模型中的损失补贴与利益分配问题研究

针对单供应商和单采购商构成的供应链系统,分采购商占主导地位和供应商占主导地位两种情形,讨论了采购商的最优订货决策与供应商的最优生产决策,以及它们合作情形下的系统最优决策,给出了采购商和供应商各自独立决策与联合决策下,它们各自的成本函数以及供应链系统的总成本函数.最后,通过比较独立决策与联合决策下采购商和供应商的成本函数,分析了联合经济批量模型中的损失补贴与利益分配问题.     

经济批量排产问题的一种排产方法

针对经济批量排产问题假定生产可以在库存降为0之前开始,并且提出新的算法求产品的生产顺序。结果表明,该排产方法成本要低于其他2种常用的经济批量排产问题的方法,并且给出了算法的时间复杂性。     

冷轧生产批量计划与调度问题模型及算法

对冷轧生产系统特点进行分析,将冷轧生产批量计划与调度问题抽象为多阶段、多品种带有中间库的批量计划与调度问题。针对该问题建立了数学模型,通过对库存成本和调整成本惩罚系数的控制可以协调库存水平和调整次数的关系。对所建立的模型,提出了基于二进制粒子群优化与局部搜索的混合求解算法。最后,通过对企业实际生产数据的计算和分析,验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。     

动态定价与允许需求延迟订货批量模型的联合决策

基于MRP的经典订货批量模型往往忽略了产品的售价对订货策略的影响。本文针对离散时间多周期情形,研究了允许需求延迟的动态定价和订货批量的集成问题。建立了二次规划数学模型。提出了一种基于动态规划的精确算法,可以在多项式时间内求解原问题的最优定价策略和最优订货计划。实验结果表明,算法可以有效地求解动态定价和订货批量的集成问题;与串行决策机制相比,并行决策机制可以给订货商带来更多的利润。通过固定订货费用的灵敏度分析,揭示了固定订货费用对利润和订货计划的显著影响,表明了允许需求延迟的联合决策模型优于不允许需求延迟的联合决策模型。     

民主选举方式的伦理价值新探

投票选举，就其自身来说，符合按照德才分配政治职务的原则，因而是善的；但就其结果来说，却使被选举权为精英垄断，赋予官吏和政治权力以极大的重要性，最终难免精英篡夺最高权力，使“选举”成为“选主”，因而罪莫大焉。因此，投票选举“自身善”与“结果恶”的净余额是极大的恶，属于纯粹恶范畴，是不应该的、恶的和具有负价值的民主选举方式。相反，抽签选举，就其自身来说，违背按照德才分配政治职务的原则，因而是恶；但就其结果来说，不但保障了每个人都平等享有选举权和被选举权，而且还具有破除精英垄断政权、扼杀专制者于摇篮和降低官吏的价值，因而善莫大焉。因此，抽签选举“自身恶”与“结果善”的净余额是极大的善，属于必要恶范畴，是应该的、善的和具有正价值的民主选举方式。     

Analysis of a batch machine fed by an unreliable discrete machine

This paper analyses the behaviour of a manufacturing line consisting of two machines in series where the first machine processes lots one at a time, and is subject to failure and takes a random amount of time to repair when it fails, and the second machine is a perfectly reliable batch machine. A control limit policy is adopted to determine lot sizes for the batch machine. When the batch machine completes processing, if the number of lots in the buffer is greater than or equal to the critical number (Q?), all the lots in the buffer are loaded immediately, otherwise the batch machine waits until Q lots are accumulated. An embedded discrete time Markov-chain approach is proposed, and recursive approaches are developed to derive necessary performance measures. A numerical example explains how to obtain the optimal value of a critical number minimizing the cost functions.     

A new EPQ model: integrating lower pricing,rework and reject situations

The economic production quantity (EPQ) is a well-known and commonly used inventory control technique. It has been used for well over 50 years to optimize lot sizes in transportation/production. The standard results are easy to apply but are based on a number of assumptions. A common assumption in the EPQ model is that all units produced are of perfect quality, this will underestimate the actual required quantity. Many researchers have studied the effects after relaxing this assumption on the EPQ model. The previous studies had considered that imperfect quality and defective items are either to be reworked instantaneously and kept in stock or rejected at a cost. The objective of this paper is to provide a framework to integrate lower pricing, rework and reject situations into a single EPQ model. A 100% inspection is performed in order to identify the amount of good quality items, imperfect quality items and defective items in each lot. This model assumes that items of imperfect quality, not necessarily defective, could be used in another production situation or sold to a particular purchaser at a lower price. The electronic and clothing industries give good examples for such situations. A mathematical model is developed and a numerical example is presented to illustrate the solution procedures. It is found that the time factor of when to sell the imperfect items is critical, as this decision will affect the inventory cost and the batch quantities.