Diesel Emissions and Lung Cancer1

This paper uses two different methods to assess the potential risk of human lung cancer from exposure to diesel engine emissions. One method analyzes the best available epidemiological evidence on the lung cancer risks of persons exposed in their occupations to diesel engine emissions. The second conducts a comparative analysis of laboratory and epidemiological data on diesel engine emissions and two chemically related environmental exposures–coke oven emissions and roofing tar emissions. The estimates of potential risk derived from these two distinct methods are compared. The sources of uncertainty in each method are explicitly characterized. The value of these estimates for comparing the potential lung cancer risks from exposure to diesel engine emissions with other personal and societal risks are discussed. Also considered are the limitations of these results in predicting the possible excess incidence of lung cancer from ambient exposure to diesel emissions.     

加速康复外科对腹腔镜肾部分切除术患者术后康复及生命质量的影响

2016年7月—2017年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院行腹腔镜肾部分切除术的肾癌患者,随机分成加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)组与对照组?对比两组患者相关临床指标?住院天数?住院费用?术前与术后焦虑?抑郁程度?术后生命质量等指标?ERAS组患者术后恢复时间?住院费用?并发症发生率?术后焦虑程度低于对照组,患者满意度?术后躯体?角色?情绪功能及总健康状况高于对照组,差异有统计学意义?采用ERAS方案可有效改善腹腔镜肾部分切除患者的预后,提升患者的就医感受和术后生命质量,并具有一定经济优势?     

Personal prelude to pandemic 2020

ABSTRACT

This essay is a personal story, that also serves as my prelude to pandemic 2020, as well as my decision to issue a June 2020 Call for Papers on Group Work Stories About Pandemic 2020, that this Issue of the Journal launches.     

前列腺癌发病机制中雄激素和雄激素受体信号的作用

雄激素和雄激素受体(AR)信号在前列腺发育和腺体内环境的稳定中是必要的。AR信号几乎驱动着所有前列腺癌细胞的生长。为了驱动前列腺癌生长,在前列腺癌细胞中的AR信号功能得到完好的保留,所以,在转移性前列腺癌中的雄激素和AR信号作用得到了良好地证明。虽然雄激素和AR信号密切参与着正常前列腺的发育和晚期前列腺癌的转移,但是否雄激素和AR信号也参与了前列腺癌的发生和增殖的早期阶段,这一过程依然不明确。本文综述了前列腺组织中雄激素和AR信号的作用,以及前列腺癌从发生到转移至去势抵抗的知识,并阐述了雄激素和AR在前列腺癌启动的早期阶段中的潜在作用。     

Spatially explicit survival modeling for small area cancer data

In this paper we propose a novel Bayesian statistical methodology for spatial survival data. Our methodology broadens the definition of the survival, density and hazard functions by explicitly modeling the spatial dependency using direct derivations of these functions and their marginals and conditionals. We also derive spatially dependent likelihood functions. Finally we examine the applications of these derivations with geographically augmented survival distributions in the context of the Louisiana Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry prostate cancer data.     

TWIST基因和蛋白与宫颈癌发生发展关系的研究

目的:检测TWIST基因在宫颈癌组织和宫颈正常组织中的表达,探讨其与宫颈癌发生?发展的相关性及在宫颈癌诊疗中的意义?方法:收集56例宫颈癌组织和35例宫颈正常组织,用实时定量PCR检测TWIST mRNA的表达;用Western blot检测TWIST蛋白的表达,并分析TWIST mRNA在宫颈癌中的表达水平与临床病理因素及高危型HPV病毒载量相关性?结果:实时定量PCR结果显示宫颈癌组织中TWIST mRNA表达高于宫颈正常组织,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01);Western blot在蛋白质水平上证实了这一点(P < 0.01)?宫颈癌组织中TWIST的表达与淋巴结转移相关(P = 0.022),但与年龄?FIGO分期?肿瘤大小?病理类型?肿瘤分化程度无关(P均> 0.05),Logistic回归分析显示,高水平的TWIST mRNA表达是淋巴结转移的独立危险因子(P < 0.05)?而TWIST基因的相对表达水平与高危型HPV病毒载量无相关性(r = 0.205,P > 0.05)?结论:宫颈癌组织中TWIST的表达上调,且与是否有淋巴结转移相关,TWIST的表达可能对宫颈癌的发生?发展及转移有重要作用?     

单中心食管胃结合部腺癌发病情况11年变化趋势

目的:研究食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG)发病情况的变化趋势?方法:回顾分析2001年1月~2011年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的4 685例胃癌病例,其中AEG1 824例,非食管胃结合部腺癌(non-esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma,NEGA)2 861例?研究AEG在胃癌中所占比例变化趋势?早期食管胃结合部腺癌(early adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction,EAEG)检出率变化趋势?AEG 性别年龄分布及比较AEG和NEGA患者发病年龄和性别比的差异?结果:该中心11年来AEG在胃癌中所占比例无明显变化;2007~2011年EAEG的检出率为12.23%(135/1 104),2001~2006年为8.47%(61/720),前者显著高于后者(P = 0.013);AEG患者平均发病年龄以及男女性别比均显著高于NEGA患者[(62.7 ± 9.5)岁 vs (59.1 ± 12.7)岁,P < 0.001;1 434∶390 vs 1 990∶871,P < 0.001)]?结论:AEG在胃癌中所占比例无明显增高;近5年EAEG检出率显著增高;AEG好发于男性老年患者?     

牛肺肝素钠提取工艺研究

本课题研究了牛肺肝素钠提取工艺及工艺条件，目前采用的酶解或盐解工艺，都不能将肝素与蛋白质形成的糖蛋白完全分离，得不到理想的提取效果，但采用胰酶酶解后再盐解则获得较高的肝素收率。     

Statistical inference for Cox proportional hazards models with a diverging number of covariates

For statistical inference on regression models with a diverging number of covariates, the existing literature typically makes sparsity assumptions on the inverse of the Fisher information matrix. Such assumptions, however, are often violated under Cox proportion hazards models, leading to biased estimates with under-coverage confidence intervals. We propose a modified debiased lasso method, which solves a series of quadratic programming problems to approximate the inverse information matrix without posing sparse matrix assumptions. We establish asymptotic results for the estimated regression coefficients when the dimension of covariates diverges with the sample size. As demonstrated by extensive simulations, our proposed method provides consistent estimates and confidence intervals with nominal coverage probabilities. The utility of the method is further demonstrated by assessing the effects of genetic markers on patients' overall survival with the Boston Lung Cancer Survival Cohort, a large-scale epidemiology study investigating mechanisms underlying the lung cancer.