一般约束极大极小值的梯度投影算法

对一类带等式、不等式约束的极大极小值问题进行了研究,将其转化为带等式、不等式约束的非线性规划问题,并利用梯度投影算法进行求解。该算法在有限步达到最优点或产生一系列点,且其极限点是最优点。该算法减少了计算量,克服了数值实现上的困难,证明了算法的收敛性。     

Goodness-of-fit Tests for Semi-Markov and Markov Survival Models with One Intermediate State

Survival data with one intermediate state are described by semi-Markov and Markov models for counting processes whose intensities are defined in terms of two stopping times T ₁< T ₂. Problems of goodness-of-fit for these models are studied. The test statistics are proposed by comparing Nelson–Aalen estimators for data stratified according to T ₁. Asymptotic distributions of these statistics are established in terms of the weak convergence of some random fields. Asymptotic consistency of these test statistics is also established. Simulation studies are included to indicate their numerical performance.     

A Partial Likelihood Estimator of Vaccine Efficacy

A partial likelihood method is proposed for estimating vaccine efficacy for a general epidemic model. In contrast to the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) which requires complete observation of the epidemic, the suggested method only requires information on the sequence in which individuals are infected and not the exact infection times. A simulation study shows that the method performs almost as well as the MLE. The method is applied to data on the infectious disease mumps.     

Weak Convergence of the Regularization Path in Penalized M‐Estimation

Abstract. We consider a function defined as the pointwise minimization of a doubly index random process. We are interested in the weak convergence of the minimizer in the space of bounded functions. Such convergence results can be applied in the context of penalized M‐estimation, that is, when the random process to minimize is expressed as a goodness‐of‐fit term plus a penalty term multiplied by a penalty weight. This weight is called the regularization parameter and the minimizing function the regularization path. The regularization path can be seen as a collection of estimators indexed by the regularization parameter. We obtain a consistency result and a central limit theorem for the regularization path in a functional sense. Various examples are provided, including the ?¹‐regularization path for general linear models, the ?¹‐ or ?²‐regularization path of the least absolute deviation regression and the Akaike information criterion.     

Fast EM-type implementations for mixed effects models

The mixed effects model, in its various forms, is a common model in applied statistics. A useful strategy for fitting this model implements EM-type algorithms by treating the random effects as missing data. Such implementations, however, can be painfully slow when the variances of the random effects are small relative to the residual variance. In this paper, we apply the 'working parameter' approach to derive alternative EM-type implementations for fitting mixed effects models, which we show empirically can be hundreds of times faster than the common EM-type implementations. In our limited simulations, they also compare well with the routines in S-PLUS® and Stata® in terms of both speed and reliability. The central idea of the working parameter approach is to search for efficient data augmentation schemes for implementing the EM algorithm by minimizing the augmented information over the working parameter, and in the mixed effects setting this leads to a transfer of the mixed effects variances into the regression slope parameters. We also describe a variation for computing the restricted maximum likelihood estimate and an adaptive algorithm that takes advantage of both the standard and the alternative EM-type implementations.     

积分中值定理“中间点”收敛速度的一个估计

利用函数连续模分别给出了第一积分中值定理和第二积分中值定理的“中间点”收敛速度的一个估计。     

冲突与融合:全球化语境下跨文化传播的主旋律

伴随着经济的全球化,现代信息与通讯技术的突飞猛进,使文化传播与媒介结合越来越紧密。在全球化语境下,跨文化传播呈现出繁荣的景象,经济与政治的力量亦使跨文化传播在不断的融合与不断的冲突中呈现螺旋式上升,引发出全球的文化冲突与寻求文化身份认同的潮流,其主旋律应为:冲突与融合。然而,跨文化传播并不只是一个单向的全球一体化的文化运动,它包含着全球化与地域性、同质化与异质化两种文化力量的对峙与互动。任何一个民族文化只有在吸收外来文化精华,结合本土文化的优势,才能在历史发展的长河中找到合适的空间。当前跨文化传播的境况中,倡导多元文化的"共存互补",引入儒家文化"和而不同"的智慧,才是消弭文化冲突的最佳方案。     

B-值拟终鞅收敛性研究

研究Ｂ－值拟终鞅及其变换的收敛特性,并讨论了Ｂ－值拟终鞅变换与ＵＭＤ特性间的依赖关系     

Estimating the Population Survival Function Using Additional Information Recorded Over Time: a Filter Based Approach

Survival studies often collect information about covariates. If these covariates are believed to contain information about the life-times, they may be considered when estimating the underlying life-time distribution. We propose a non-parametric estimator which uses the recorded information about the covariates. Various forms of incomplete data, e.g. right-censored data, are allowed. The estimator is the conditional mean of the true empirical survival function given the observed history, and it is derived using a general filtering formula. Feng & Kurtz (1994) showed that the estimator is the Kaplan–Meier estimator in the case of right-censoring when using the observed life-times and censoring-times as the observed history. We take the same approach as Feng & Kurtz (1994) but in addition we incorporate the recorded information about the covariates in the observed history. Two models are considered and in both cases the Kaplan–Meier estimator is a special case of the estimator. In a simulation study the estimator is compared with the Kaplan–Meier estimator in small samples.     

Asymptotic results for empirical and partial-sum processes: A review

Two processes of importance in statistics and probability are the empirical and partial-sum processes. Based on d-dimensional data X₁, … X_a the empirical measure is defined for any A ⊂ R^d by the sample proportion of observations in A. When normalized, F_n yields the empirical process W_n: = n^1/2 (F_n - F), where F denotes the “true” probability measure. To define partial-sum processes, one needs data that are assigned to specified locations (in contrast to the above, where specified unit masses are assigned to random locations). A suitable context for many applications is that of data attached to points of a lattice, say {X_j:j ϵ J^d} where J = {1, 2,…}, for which the partial sums are defined for any A ⊂ R^d by Thus S(A) is the sum of the data contained in A. When normalized, S yields the partial-sum process. This paper provides an overview of asymptotic results for empirical and partial-sum processes, including strong laws and central limit theorems, together with some indications of their inferential implications.