保持现代远程教育稳健发展应把握的几个要素

保持现代远程教育稳健发展应注重远程教育理论的研究和创新,远程教育学科的建立和师资的培养,处理好质量、规模和效益三者的关系,多种教学媒体的开发、整合和利用,教学模式和管理模式的改革与完善五个主要因素。     

题材与距离

城市题材难写,工业题材尤难,文坛早有定论。这在相当程度上乃是距离在起微妙而神秘的作用。题材与审美者地理距离相隔越远,作品就越容易出彩。工业题材、城市题材虽然难,但决非碰不得沾不得,关键还在于作家要舍得投入。题材差别与审美距离都是相对的,作家个人的艺术坚持与艺术求索才是绝对的。     

基于智能体的远程教学系统

本文通过对智能体定义的评述，总结了智能体应具有的若干主要性质，提出了基于多智能体的智能远程教学系统模型，对系统的各个模块进行了定义。     

Borda and Condorcet: Some Distance Results

This paper provides a distance based analysis of the Borda rule with respect to Condorcet’s criterion. It shows that the minimal Condorcet consistency present in the Borda rule, whenever a Condorcet winner (the alternative that wins against every other alternative in a pairwise contest) exists, disappears in the case of voting cycles. First, it is shown that for certain preference profiles the Borda winner is furthest from being a Condorcet winner. Second, it is shown that there exist preference profiles for which the Borda winner is closest from being a Condorcet loser (the alternative that loses against every other alternative in a pairwise contest).     

Opportunity for Adult Bonding/Meaningful Neighborhood Roles and Life-Satisfaction among USA Middle School Students

This study investigated the relationship between adolescent life- satisfaction and bonding to adults/developing meaningful roles in the neighborhood within a pilot study of slightly modified version of the CDC Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (MSYRBS) in a southern state in the USA. Overall, 43% of students reported that they were satisfied with their lives overall, and 34% reported that they experienced positive adult relationships and meaningful roles in their neighborhoods. After adjusting for socioeconomic status and family structure, differential associations were found between adolescent life satisfaction and bonding to adults/developing meaningful roles. Opportunities for adult bonding and meaningful roles in the neighborhood related to increased life satisfaction more strongly for Caucasian students than African-American students. Post-Hoc analyses suggest that the explanation for these differential relationships may involve socioeconomic status. *This research was conducted via the South Carolina Middle School Youth Risk Behaviour Survey funded by the CDC/Legacy Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health & Environmental Control, Columbia, South Carolina.     

A Probabilistic Perspective on Re-Identifiability

A quasi-identifier is a set of attributes that can be used to re-identify entries in anonymized data sets. A group of individuals is considered about whom quasi-identifying numerical information is disclosed such as date of birth, age, weight, and height. The fraction of individuals is determined whose information is unique in that group and hence is identifiable unambiguously. Nonuniformity can be captured well by a single number, the Kullback-Leibler distance. For example sets of real microdata, given approximations based on Kullback-Leibler distances are accurate. Second, the effect of disclosing more specific or less specific information is analyzed experimentally. Third, the effect of correlation between numerical attributes is measured. A formula gives the re-identifiability level. The approximations are validated using publicly available demographic data sets.     

Commenting on PC and Multiculturalism

ABSTRACT

Women Veterans who experience homelessness are at high risk of unintended pregnancy and adverse outcomes. Contraception could mitigate risks, yet access barriers exist across the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). We identified all US women Veterans, age 18–44y with evidence of homelessness in VHA administrative data between fiscal years 2002–2015, in order to document the geographic distribution of ever-homeless women Veterans in relation to VA Medical Centers (VAMCs) and assess geographic associations between long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) or permanent contraception (PC) use. We calculated VAMC travel distance from last known ZIP Code. We used multivariate logistic regression models to explore contraceptive method associations. We included 41,722 ever-homeless women Veterans; 9.2% had LARC exposure and 7.5% PC. We found 29% of ever-homeless women Veterans resided >40miles from the nearest VAMC and increasing drive distance was negatively correlated with contraceptive exposure, especially for Veterans residing >100miles from a VAMC. Increasing distance to the nearest VAMC results in a geographic barrier to the most effective contraceptive options for women Veterans. The VHA is uniquely positioned to leverage its rural and homeless healthcare expertise to address geographic barriers and integrate comprehensive contraceptive services into established programs for high-risk Veterans.     

Serving Rural Communities with Distance Education Degree Programs

Many schools of social work have targeted rural communities as critical regions for distance education (DE) facilitated degree delivery. This article reports on an initial alumni survey of DE graduates in Hawai'i, suggesting that the DE program has been successful in its mission to address workforce shortages in the number of social workers in rural areas. Not only are the majority of alumni still living and working rural areas, but they are also pursuing licensure at high rates. This study proposes that distance education not only transforms individuals, but can also be a tool of community change.     

Distance Education: A Multidimensional Evaluation

SUMMARY

The empirical evaluation of distance education is social work has lagged behind that of other fields. This research compares classes taught in person and via interactive television on the dimensions of student satisfaction (course evaluations), and educational outcomes (pretest, post test, and follow up design). The research design and controlling for the instructor variable (the same instructor taught both courses) adds methodological rigor not present in prior evaluations. Outcome differences between the instructional mediums were explained by the demographic and other differences brought by the students. This research joins the bulk of such research that finds the effectiveness of the mediums comparable.     

Conditions for migrant mothers' socioeconomic disadvantages in Hong Kong

The present study utilizes both survey and interview data to examine the socioeconomic disadvantages in terms of limited social support, poverty, and non-employment in migrant mothers in Hong Kong, China. It seeks to understand the disadvantages from a social distance perspective, which holds that social distance hinders access to employment, and social and formal support. This article surveyed 837 mothers living in two impoverished communities. A subsample of 72 migrant mothers participated in follow-up in-depth interviews. Findings indicate the socioeconomic disadvantages and reveal some local conditions for the disadvantages. Specifically, the norms of childcare and self-reliance, social stigmatization of welfare recipients, and remote residential community come to shape migrant mothers' experiences of caring for young children. These findings provide implications to social work practitioners for targeting migrant mothers to reduce their social distance from local community resources.