城市低保人口医疗卫生需求被排斥的问题成因与对策思考

本文从城市低保人口医疗卫生需求被排斥与地位边缘化的产生原因入手,分析了“因贫致病”与“因病致贫”的危害,并结合国家目前正在探索的关于建立城市医疗救助制度试点工作的意见,提出了要培养城市低保人口医疗救助的中间力量,推进救助的多元化和社会化,关键是要使其拥有的健康权有稳定和明确的法律保证。处理好物质、能力、权利三者之间的关系,强调建立和完善后的城市医疗救助制度应该是一种人性化的制度。     

Statistical issues in developing indicators of sustainable development

This paper describes the background to the development of a new official set of national indicators of sustainable development—one of the first in the world to be published. The paper discusses the role of statisticians in helping to define sustainable development, and the problems of monitoring and reporting progress. The Minister of State for the Environment has announced his ambition of developing a very small set of headline indicators. This paper is intended to help to stimulate the debate over what they should be.     

On the joint distribution of placement statistics under progressive censoring and applications to precedence test

In reliability and survival analysis, comparison of two or more populations is an important problem. For example, while comparing a treatment group with a control group, one may be interested in determining whether the observations in the treatment group have a longer lifetime than those from the control group, that is, whether the treatment is effective or not. In such a study, it would be extremely valuable to make a decision based on early failures. In this paper, we consider independent progressively Type-II censored random samples from two populations with cumulative distribution function's (cdf) F(·)$F(·)$ and G(·)$G(·)$ respectively, and discuss a precedence test for testing the equality of the two distributions based on placements. For this purpose, we derive the joint distribution of the first l   placement statistics from the progressively censored sample from F(·)$F(·)$. We then derive the exact null distribution of the precedence test statistic which is simply the sum of the placements. We provide the rejection regions for fixed levels of significance and various sample sizes and different progressive censoring schemes.     

医疗改革对我国卫生行业绩效的影响——基于三阶段DEA模型的实证分析

我国医疗卫生体制改革始于20世纪80年代,改革所带来的医疗政策变化对卫生行业的医疗供给效率产生显著的影响.利用三阶段DEA方法可对1985 - 2009年我国卫生行业医疗供给效率进行测度,并分析其变化的政策影响因素.结果表明,医疗供给效率经历了1985 -1992年的改善、1993 - 2002年的低位徘徊和2003 - 2009年的持续改善三个阶段,效率变化过程体现了明显的政策效应.政策剥离的分析更能反映卫生行业实际经营状况的医疗供给效率,证实了医疗卫生领域存在市场失灵问题.我国政府应通过逐年加大财政卫生支出等措施,引导、扶持广大社会成员实现自我健康关怀,在促进公平性与改善医疗供给效率的同时,不断提高全民健康水平.     

遵循医学教育规律 推进医科院校科学发展

医学教育一肩担两义,关系教育与医疗两个最为直接的民生问题,影响深远。作为医科院校,如何在科学发展观的指导下认清并遵循高等医学教育规律,加强内涵发展、特色发展、创新发展,着力提升医学生医德素养、实践能力和创新精神,无论是对医科院校本身还是服务于国家医疗卫生事业都具有重要意义。     

商业健康保险公司介入社会医疗保险的可行性以及模式探讨

目前,商业健康保险公司已经进入到社会医疗保险的多个领域。本研究在分析商业保险公司介入社会医疗保险可行性的基础上,探讨了目前实践中的三种介入模式,并提出了完善商保介入社保的建议。     

Robust signed-rank estimation and variable selection for semi-parametric additive partial linear models

A fully nonparametric model may not perform well or when the researcher wants to use a parametric model but the functional form with respect to a subset of the regressors or the density of the errors is not known. This becomes even more challenging when the data contain gross outliers or unusual observations. However, in practice the true covariates are not known in advance, nor is the smoothness of the functional form. A robust model selection approach through which we can choose the relevant covariates components and estimate the smoothing function may represent an appealing tool to the solution. A weighted signed-rank estimation and variable selection under the adaptive lasso for semi-parametric partial additive models is considered in this paper. B-spline is used to estimate the unknown additive nonparametric function. It is shown that despite using B-spline to estimate the unknown additive nonparametric function, the proposed estimator has an oracle property. The robustness of the weighted signed-rank approach for data with heavy-tail, contaminated errors, and data containing high-leverage points are validated via finite sample simulations. A practical application to an economic study is provided using an updated Canadian household gasoline consumption data.     

Mental Disabilities in an Aboriginal Context

Aboriginal (meaning original peoples) North American mental health is acknowledged to be in a more precarious state than that of the dominant cultures. Disability arises from the conditions of poverty, homelessness, and lack of resources that are compounded for North American aboriginal people by the historical trauma of conquest, being placed on reservations, residential schools, and continued discrimination. We present culturally sensitive and syntonic intervention programs that can reduce the impact of Aboriginal mental disabilities and discuss the commonality among these programs of celebrating culture, language, and tradition.