Aging and Gender:

Social science literature on aging has assumed without empirical basis that women experience greater continuity in their lives than men and that this is beneficial to women in the process of aging. This research explores the issue of continuity in values over the life course and the relationship of values to a sense of meaning attributed to one's life over the life course. Thirty life history interviews of men and women over the age of sixty-nine were conducted. Differences in values were found between men and women. Men experienced less continuity of values, less continuity in sources of meaning in Life, and more dissatisfaction in the process of life review, but for most men the lack of continuity was not a source of dissatisfaction in old age.     

Lagrange Multiplier Tests for Normality Against Seminonparametric Alternatives

In this article, I derive the Lagrange multiplier test of the null hypothesis that a stationary random vector has a (possibly heteroscedastic) normal distribution against the alternative that the distribution is a member of the family with seminonparametric probability density functions considered by Gallant and Tauchen (1989). The test is shown to contain special cases of the moment tests proposed by Newey (1985) and Tauchen (1985). Evidence from a small simulation study is reported, showing that the test has reasonable finite-sample properties in moderately sized samples. The test is applied to the change of price in a treasury-bill data series analyzed by Tauchen and Pitts (1983) and Tauchen (1985).     

Taiwan's identity in formation: in reaction to a democratizing Taiwan and a rising China

The formation of Taiwanese identity is a good example to make sense of the theoretical debate between primordialism and constructivism. Based on the two-level multinomial logit results, this paper proves that primordial ethnicity in Taiwan becomes less salient; rather, changing sociopolitical contexts turn out to be the dominant factor in shaping ethnic identity. Specifically, it indicates how the democratic transition has brought about various types of mechanisms, which smoothly disenchant the dominant Chinese identity. As the Taiwanese renaissance emerges to take a leading role in Taiwan's political platform, ethnic identity might be reshaped in accordance with this mainstream Taiwanese ideology. This study also shows that reformation of ethnic identity in Taiwan relies as much on cognition of state boundaries as on the evaluation of political-economic conditions on both sides of the Taiwan straits.     

基于ANSYS二次开发求解实体单元内力在港口工程中的应用

在依据规范对混凝土块体进行配筋计算时,需要求得该块体的内力。而有些混凝土块体结构非常不规则,一般采用有限元软件进行计算。当采用有限元软件ANSYS对复杂结构进行分析时,需要采用实体单元。而ANSYS软件不能直接输出实体单元的内力图,需要进行二次开发。介绍了力学中将应力转为内力的计算原理,并应用于ANSYS二次开发中求解实体单元的内力。结合实际工程,求出了实体单元的弯矩图和扭矩图。结果表明,此求解实体单元内力图程序具有很好的适用性和通用性,可以应用于ANSYS分析港口工程中。     

言语交际中身份研究的多视角及其整合

身份及身份建构一直是人文社会科学研究中一个非常重要的议题。文章回顾、评析身份及其建构研究的六个重要视角以及研究现状,认为应该寻求多视角的整合,从而多维度地考察言语交际中的身份及其建构。另外,需要更加关注具体语境下交际者微观层面身份的动态建构。     

Beyond Risk Factors

SUMMARY

This article provides an overview of important themes in European research regarding sexual behavior and the risk for HIV infection. There is a growing critique of HIV prevention among European theorists which focuses on four themes: (1) That current models over-emphasize the role of rational decision-making in sexual behavior; (2) That the [individual is viewed as the unit of research and intervention; (3) That the person is assumed to be static, having qualities which remain unchanged over time; and, (4) That the social/ cultural context of human interaction is ignored in relation to sexual behavior. To counteract these perceived deficiencies, it is proposed that future research and practice incorporate the following elements: sexual behavior as being primarily an interaction between persons as opposed to a decision of individuals; the effects of time on sexual decision-making; the cultural context and its influence on sexuality; the subjective experience of love as relates to sex; the role of power in determining sexual interaction; and the symbolic meaning of sexual acts.     

Identity Management Strategies Among Lesbians of African Ancestry

ABSTRACT

The authors present the results from a study investigating identity management strategies among African-ancestral lesbians within their families of origin. The researchers collected qualitative data from 16 African-ancestral lesbians, which were analyzed using the CQR method. From these responses we examined themes relating to the coming-out experiences, familial support patterns, and the integration and management of lesbian identities within African-ancestral families. We found that participants typically reported positive feelings and attitudes about themselves and their lesbian identities. Although levels of distress experienced during the coming-out process were mixed, our participants consistently endorsed the importance of relationships with family members as a means of more effectively managing their lesbian identities.     

民办高校教师专业发展的逻辑进路与实践选择

探究教师专业发展的逻辑过程并加速其实践进程，是依法有序推进民办高校内涵建设的关键所在。基于内涵式发展理念，通过厘清民办高校教师专业发展的一般内涵和特殊内涵及其与组织内涵式发展的内在关联，依据教师专业发展所遵循的自身规律，从一般规划意义上刻画了一个关于民办高校教师专业发展的逻辑图谱，并初步提出了实践的可行路径和关键措施，以期为民办高校制定和实施教师专业发展规划提供理论支持或决策参考。     

国外教师教育的研究热点与特点探析——基于《教学与教师教育》2008至2017年载文分析

运用CiteSpace V知识图谱软件，对Web of Science数据库收录的教师教育研究权威期刊《教学与教师教育》（Teaching and Teacher Education）2008至2017年间的1 430篇研究文献进行可视化分析。研究结果表明，当前国外教师教育研究的热点主题主要包括"教师专业身份认同""教师专业发展""教师自我效能感"以及"教师教育实践变革"等4个方面。分析国外教师教育可知：在方式上，强调通过教师的自我发展来推动教育质量改善；在内容上，由"教学分离"转向"以学为本"，重视职前教师实践能力的培养；在方向上，以构建教师教育发展体系为目标，加强制度建设；在方法上，坚持问题导向，提倡多元的研究方法。     

Why do the poor oppose income redistribution? An empirical test on the impacts of nationalism and fatalism

We study the poor’s psychological motivations to oppose income redistribution, relying on social identity and system justification theories. We find that national identification reduces differences between the poor and the rich in terms of attitudes toward income redistribution and self-esteem, by discouraging the poor from supporting redistribution but encouraging them to acquire greater self-esteem. Next, fatalism reduces and increases differences between the poor and the rich in terms of attitudes toward income redistribution and self-esteem, respectively. Yet, a closer look reveals that the responding patterns of the poor and the rich to fatalism are consistent only with the mechanism behind the prediction that concerns self-esteem. That is, fatalism increases support for income redistribution in both groups, whereas it reduces self-esteem only among the poor.